ClassificationTree Predict

Classify observations using decision tree classifier

Since R2021a

• 

Libraries:
Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox / Classification

Description

The ClassificationTree Predict block classifies observations using a classification tree object (ClassificationTree or CompactClassificationTree) for multiclass classification.

Import a trained classification object into the block by specifying the name of a workspace variable that contains the object. The input port x receives an observation (predictor data), and the output port label returns a predicted class label for the observation. You can add the optional output port score, which returns predicted class scores or posterior probabilities.

Examples

Predict Class Labels Using ClassificationTree Predict Block

Train a classification decision tree model using the Classification Learner app, and then use the ClassificationTree Predict block for label prediction.

• Open Live Script

Human Activity Recognition Simulink Model for Fixed-Point Deployment

Generate code from a classification Simulink^® model prepared for fixed-point deployment.

• Open Live Script

Ports

Input

x — Predictor data

row vector | column vector

Predictor data, specified as a row or column vector of one observation.

The variables in x must have the same order as the predictor variables that trained the model specified by Select trained machine learning model.

Data Types: single | double | half | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64 | Boolean | fixed point

Output

label — Predicted class label

scalar

Predicted class label, returned as a scalar. The predicted class is the class that minimizes the expected classification cost. For more details, see the More About section of the predict function reference page.

Data Types: single | double | half | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64 | Boolean | fixed point | enumerated

score — Predicted class scores or posterior probabilities

row vector

Predicted class scores or posterior probabilities, returned as a row vector of size 1-by-k, where k is the number of classes in the tree model.

The classification score of a leaf node is the posterior probability of the classification at the node. The posterior probability of the classification at a node is the number of training observations that lead to the node with the classification, divided by the number of training observations that lead to the node.

To check the order of the classes, use the ClassNames property of the tree model specified by Select trained machine learning model.

Dependencies

To enable this port, select the check box for Add output port for predicted class scores on the Main tab of the Block Parameters dialog box.

Data Types: single | double | half | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64 | Boolean | fixed point

Parameters

Main

Select trained machine learning model — Classification tree model

treeMdl (default) | ClassificationTree object | CompactClassificationTree object

Specify the name of a workspace variable that contains a ClassificationTree object or CompactClassificationTree object.

When you train the model by using fitctree, the following restrictions apply:

• The predictor data cannot include categorical predictors (logical, categorical, char, string, or cell). If you supply training data in a table, the predictors must be numeric (double or single). Also, you cannot use the CategoricalPredictors name-value argument. To include categorical predictors in a model, preprocess them by using dummyvar before fitting the model.

• The value of the ScoreTransform name-value argument cannot be 'invlogit' or an anonymous function.

• You cannot use surrogate splits; that is, the value of the Surrogate name-value argument must be 'off' (default).

Programmatic Use

Block Parameter: TrainedLearner

Type: workspace variable

Values: ClassificationTree object | CompactClassificationTree object

Default: 'treeMdl'

Add output port for predicted class scores — Add second output port for predicted class scores

off (default) | on

Select the check box to include the second output port score in the ClassificationTree Predict block.

Programmatic Use

Block Parameter: ShowOutputScore

Type: character vector

Values: 'off' | 'on'

Default: 'off'

Data Types

Fixed-Point Operational Parameters

Integer rounding mode — Rounding mode for fixed-point operations

Floor (default) | Ceiling | Convergent | Nearest | Round | Simplest | Zero

Specify the rounding mode for fixed-point operations. For more information, see Rounding Modes (Fixed-Point Designer).

Block parameters always round to the nearest representable value. To control the rounding of a block parameter, enter an expression into the mask field using a MATLAB^® rounding function.

Programmatic Use

Block Parameter: RndMeth

Type: character vector

Values: "Ceiling" | "Convergent" | "Floor" | "Nearest" | "Round" | "Simplest" | "Zero"

Default: "Floor"

Saturate on integer overflow — Method of overflow action

off (default) | on

Specify whether overflows saturate or wrap.

Action	Rationale	Impact on Overflows	Example
Select this check box (on).	Your model has possible overflow, and you want explicit saturation protection in the generated code.	Overflows saturate to either the minimum or maximum value that the data type can represent.	The maximum value that the int8 (signed 8-bit integer) data type can represent is 127. Any block operation result greater than this maximum value causes overflow of the 8-bit integer. With the check box selected, the block output saturates at 127. Similarly, the block output saturates at a minimum output value of –128.
Clear this check box (off).	You want to optimize the efficiency of your generated code. You want to avoid overspecifying how a block handles out-of-range signals. For more information, see Troubleshoot Signal Range Errors (Simulink).	Overflows wrap to the appropriate value that the data type can represent.	The maximum value that the int8 (signed 8-bit integer) data type can represent is 127. Any block operation result greater than this maximum value causes overflow of the 8-bit integer. With the check box cleared, the software interprets the value causing the overflow as int8, which can produce an unintended result. For example, a block result of 130 (binary 1000 0010) expressed as int8 is –126.

Programmatic Use

Block Parameter: SaturateOnIntegerOverflow

Type: character vector

Values: "off" | "on"

Default: "off"

Lock output data type setting against changes by the fixed-point tools — Prevention of fixed-point tools from overriding data type

off (default) | on

Select this parameter to prevent the fixed-point tools from overriding the data type you specify for the block. For more information, see Use Lock Output Data Type Setting (Fixed-Point Designer).

Programmatic Use

Block Parameter: LockScale

Type: character vector

Values: "off" | "on"

Default: "off"

Data Type

Label data type — Data type of label output

Inherit: Inherit via back propagation | Inherit: auto | double | single | half | int8 | uint8 | int16 | uint16 | int32 | uint32 | int64 | uint64 | boolean | fixdt(1,16,0) | fixdt(1,16,2^0,0) | Enum: <class name> | <data type expression>

Specify the data type for the label output. The type can be inherited, specified as an enumerated data type, or expressed as a data type object such as Simulink.NumericType.

The supported data types depend on the labels used in the model specified by Select trained machine learning model.

• If the model uses numeric or logical labels, the supported data types are Inherit: Inherit via back propagation (default), double, single, half, int8, uint8, int16, uint16, int32, uint32, int64, uint64, boolean, fixed point, and a data type object.

• If the model uses nonnumeric labels, the supported data types are Inherit: auto (default), Enum: <class name>, and a data type object.

When you select an inherited option, the software behaves as follows:

• Inherit: Inherit via back propagation (default for numeric and logical labels) — Simulink automatically determines the Label data type of the block during data type propagation (see Data Type Propagation (Simulink)). In this case, the block uses the data type of a downstream block or signal object.

• Inherit: auto (default for nonnumeric labels) — The block uses an autodefined enumerated data type variable. For example, suppose the workspace variable name specified by Select trained machine learning model is myMdl, and the class labels are class 1 and class 2. Then, the corresponding label values are myMdl_enumLabels.class_1 and myMdl_enumLabels.class_2. The block converts the class labels to valid MATLAB identifiers by using the matlab.lang.makeValidName function.

For more information about data types, see Control Data Types of Signals (Simulink).

Click the Show data type assistant button to display the Data Type Assistant, which helps you set the data type attributes. For more information, see Specify Data Types Using Data Type Assistant (Simulink).

Programmatic Use

Block Parameter: LabelDataTypeStr

Type: character vector

Values: "Inherit: Inherit via back propagation" | "Inherit: auto" | "double" | "single" | "half" | "int8" | "uint8" | "int16" | "uint16" | "int32" | "uint32" | "int64" | "uint64" | "boolean" | "fixdt(1,16,0)" | "fixdt(1,16,2^0,0)" | "Enum: <class name>" | "<data type expression>"

Default: "Inherit: Inherit via back propagation" (for numeric and logical labels) | "Inherit: auto" (for nonnumeric labels)

Label data type Minimum — Minimum value of label output for range checking

[] (default) | scalar

Specify the lower value of the label output range that Simulink checks.

Simulink uses the minimum value to perform:

• Parameter range checking for some blocks (see Specify Minimum and Maximum Values for Block Parameters (Simulink)).

• Simulation range checking (see Specify Signal Ranges (Simulink) and Enable Simulation Range Checking (Simulink)).

• Optimization of the code that you generate from the model. This optimization can remove algorithmic code and affect the results of some simulation modes, such as software-in-the-loop (SIL) mode or external mode. For more information, see Optimize using the specified minimum and maximum values (Embedded Coder).

Note

The Label data type Minimum parameter does not saturate or clip the actual label output signal. To do so, use the Saturation (Simulink) block instead.

Dependencies

You can specify this parameter only if the model specified by Select trained machine learning model uses numeric labels.

Programmatic Use

Block Parameter: LabelOutMin

Type: character vector

Values: "[]" | scalar

Default: "[]"

Label data type Maximum — Maximum value of label output for range checking

[] (default) | scalar

Specify the upper value of the label output range that Simulink checks.

Simulink uses the maximum value to perform:

• Parameter range checking for some blocks (see Specify Minimum and Maximum Values for Block Parameters (Simulink)).

• Simulation range checking (see Specify Signal Ranges (Simulink) and Enable Simulation Range Checking (Simulink)).

• Optimization of the code that you generate from the model. This optimization can remove algorithmic code and affect the results of some simulation modes, such as SIL or external mode. For more information, see Optimize using the specified minimum and maximum values (Embedded Coder).

Note

The Label data type Maximum parameter does not saturate or clip the actual label output signal. To do so, use the Saturation (Simulink) block instead.

Dependencies

You can specify this parameter only if the model specified by Select trained machine learning model uses numeric labels.

Programmatic Use

Block Parameter: LabelOutMax

Type: character vector

Values: "[]" | scalar

Default: "[]"

Score data type — Data type of score output

Inherit: auto (default) | double | single | half | int8 | uint8 | int16 | uint16 | int32 | uint32 | int64 | uint64 | boolean | fixdt(1,16,0) | fixdt(1,16,2^0,0) | <data type expression>

Specify the data type for the score output. The type can be inherited, specified directly, or expressed as a data type object such as Simulink.NumericType.

When you select Inherit: auto, the block uses a rule that inherits a data type.

For more information about data types, see Control Data Types of Signals (Simulink).

Click the Show data type assistant button to display the Data Type Assistant, which helps you set the data type attributes. For more information, see Specify Data Types Using Data Type Assistant (Simulink).

Programmatic Use

Block Parameter: ScoreDataTypeStr

Type: character vector

Values: "Inherit: auto" | "double" | "single" | "half" | "int8" | "uint8" | "int16" | "uint16" | "int32" | "uint32" | "int64" | "uint64" | "boolean" | "fixdt(1,16,0)" | "fixdt(1,16,2^0,0)" | "<data type expression>"

Default: "Inherit: auto"

Score data type Minimum — Minimum value of score output for range checking

[] (default) | scalar

Specify the lower value of the score output range that Simulink checks.

Simulink uses the minimum value to perform:

• Parameter range checking for some blocks (see Specify Minimum and Maximum Values for Block Parameters (Simulink)).

• Simulation range checking (see Specify Signal Ranges (Simulink) and Enable Simulation Range Checking (Simulink)).

• Optimization of the code that you generate from the model. This optimization can remove algorithmic code and affect the results of some simulation modes, such as software-in-the-loop (SIL) mode or external mode. For more information, see Optimize using the specified minimum and maximum values (Embedded Coder).

Note

The Score data type Minimum parameter does not saturate or clip the actual score output. To do so, use the Saturation (Simulink) block instead.

Programmatic Use

Block Parameter: ScoreOutMin

Type: character vector

Values: "[]" | scalar

Default: "[]"

Score data type Maximum — Maximum value of score output for range checking

[] (default) | scalar

Specify the upper value of the score output range that Simulink checks.

Simulink uses the maximum value to perform:

• Parameter range checking for some blocks (see Specify Minimum and Maximum Values for Block Parameters (Simulink)).

• Simulation range checking (see Specify Signal Ranges (Simulink) and Enable Simulation Range Checking (Simulink)).

• Optimization of the code that you generate from the model. This optimization can remove algorithmic code and affect the results of some simulation modes, such as SIL or external mode. For more information, see Optimize using the specified minimum and maximum values (Embedded Coder).

Note

The Score data type Maximum parameter does not saturate or clip the actual score output. To do so, use the Saturation (Simulink) block instead.

Programmatic Use

Block Parameter: ScoreOutMax

Type: character vector

Values: "[]" | scalar

Default: "[]"

Raw score data type — Untransformed score data type

Inherit: auto (default) | double | single | half | int8 | uint8 | int16 | uint16 | int32 | uint32 | int64 | uint64 | boolean | fixdt(1,16,0) | fixdt(1,16,2^0,0) | <data type expression>

Specify the data type for the internal untransformed scores. The type can be inherited, specified directly, or expressed as a data type object such as Simulink.NumericType.

When you select Inherit: auto, the block uses a rule that inherits a data type.

For more information about data types, see Control Data Types of Signals (Simulink).

Click the Show data type assistant button to display the Data Type Assistant, which helps you set the data type attributes. For more information, see Specify Data Types Using Data Type Assistant (Simulink).

Dependencies

You can specify this parameter only if the model specified by Select trained machine learning model uses a score transformation other than "none" (default, same as "identity").

• If the model uses no score transformations ("none" or "identity"), then you can specify the score data type by using Score data type.

• If the model uses a score transformation other than "none" or "identity", then you can specify the data type of untransformed raw scores by using this parameter. To specify the data type of transformed scores, use Score data type.

You can change the score transformation option by specifying the ScoreTransform name-value argument during training, or by modifying the ScoreTransform property after training.

Programmatic Use

Block Parameter: RawScoreDataTypeStr

Type: character vector

Values: "Inherit: auto" | "double" | "single" | "half" | "int8" | "uint8" | "int16" | "uint16" | "int32" | "uint32" | "int64" | "uint64" | "boolean" | "fixdt(1,16,0)" | "fixdt(1,16,2^0,0)" | "<data type expression>"

Default: "Inherit: auto"

Raw score data type Minimum — Minimum untransformed score for range checking

[] (default) | scalar

Specify the lower value of the untransformed score range that Simulink checks.

Simulink uses the minimum value to perform:

• Parameter range checking for some blocks (see Specify Minimum and Maximum Values for Block Parameters (Simulink)).

• Simulation range checking (see Specify Signal Ranges (Simulink) and Enable Simulation Range Checking (Simulink)).

• Optimization of the code that you generate from the model. This optimization can remove algorithmic code and affect the results of some simulation modes, such as software-in-the-loop (SIL) mode or external mode. For more information, see Optimize using the specified minimum and maximum values (Embedded Coder).

Note

The Raw score data type Minimum parameter does not saturate or clip the actual untransformed score signal.

Programmatic Use

Block Parameter: RawScoreOutMin

Type: character vector

Values: "[]" | scalar

Default: "[]"

Raw score data type Maximum — Maximum untransformed score for range checking

[] (default) | scalar

Specify the upper value of the untransformed score range that Simulink checks.

Simulink uses the maximum value to perform:

• Parameter range checking for some blocks (see Specify Minimum and Maximum Values for Block Parameters (Simulink)).

• Simulation range checking (see Specify Signal Ranges (Simulink) and Enable Simulation Range Checking (Simulink)).

• Optimization of the code that you generate from the model. This optimization can remove algorithmic code and affect the results of some simulation modes, such as SIL or external mode. For more information, see Optimize using the specified minimum and maximum values (Embedded Coder).

Note

The Raw score data type Maximum parameter does not saturate or clip the actual untransformed score signal.

Programmatic Use

Block Parameter: RawScoreOutMax

Type: character vector

Values: "[]" | scalar

Default: "[]"

Block Characteristics

Data Types	Boolean | double | enumerated | fixed point | half | integer | single
Direct Feedthrough	yes
Multidimensional Signals	no
Variable-Size Signals	no
Zero-Crossing Detection	no

Alternative Functionality

You can use a MATLAB Function block with the predict object function of a classification tree object (ClassificationTree or CompactClassificationTree). For an example, see Predict Class Labels Using MATLAB Function Block.

When deciding whether to use the ClassificationTree Predict block in the Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox™ library or a MATLAB Function block with the predict function, consider the following:

• If you use the Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox library block, you can use the Fixed-Point Tool (Fixed-Point Designer) to convert a floating-point model to fixed point.

• Support for variable-size arrays must be enabled for a MATLAB Function block with the predict function.

• If you use a MATLAB Function block, you can use MATLAB functions for preprocessing or post-processing before or after predictions in the same MATLAB Function block.

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.

Fixed-Point Conversion
Design and simulate fixed-point systems using Fixed-Point Designer™.

Version History

Introduced in R2021a