EHfields

Electric and magnetic fields of antennas or embedded electric and magnetic fields of antenna element in arrays

Syntax

[e,h] = EHfields(object,frequency)

EHfields(object,frequency)

[e,h] = EHfields(object,frequency,points)

EHfields(object, frequency, points)

EHfields(___,Name=Value)

Description

[e,h] = EHfields(object,frequency) calculates the x, y, and z components of the electric and magnetic fields of an antenna or array object at a specified frequency. The fields are calculated at points on the surface of a sphere whose radius is twice that of the radius of a sphere completely enclosing the antenna or array structure.

EHfields(object,frequency) plots the absolute values of the electric and magnetic field vectors along with corresponding signed complex angles at the specified frequency. The multiplication factor with absolute field value is +1 for positive and -1 for negative complex angle. The fields are calculated at points on the surface of a sphere whose radius is twice that of the radius of a sphere completely enclosing the antenna or array structure.

[e,h] = EHfields(object,frequency,points) calculates the x, y, and z components of electric field and magnetic field of an antenna or array object. These fields are calculated at specified points in the space and at a specified frequency. Specify the points in the Cartesian coordinate system.

EHfields(object, frequency, points) plots the absolute values of the electric and magnetic field vectors along with corresponding signed complex angles at specified frequency values and at specified points in space. The multiplication factor with absolute field value is +1 for positive and -1 for negative complex angle. Specify the points in the Cartesian coordinate system.

EHfields(___,Name=Value) plots the electric and magnetic field vectors using one or more name-value arguments in addition to any of the input argument combinations in previous syntaxes. For example, ViewField="E" displays only the electric field.

Use the ElementNumber and Termination properties to calculate the embedded electric and magnetic fields of the antenna element in an array connected to a voltage source. The voltage source model consists of an ideal voltage source of 1 volt. The embedded pattern includes the effect of mutual coupling due to the other antenna elements in the array.

Examples

Plot Electric and Magnetic Fields of Antenna

Plot electric and magnetic fields of a default Archimedean spiral antenna at 4GHz.

h = spiralArchimedean;
EHfields(h,4e9)

Calculate Electric and Magnetic Fields of Antenna

Calculate electric and magnetic fields at a point 1m along the z-axis from an Archimedean spiral antenna.

h = spiralArchimedean;
[e,h] = EHfields(h,4e9,[0;0;1])

e = 3×1 complex

  -0.4147 - 0.2558i
  -0.3033 + 0.4072i
   0.0000 - 0.0000i

h = 3×1 complex

   0.0008 - 0.0011i
  -0.0011 - 0.0007i
  -0.0000 + 0.0000i

Calculate Electric and Magnetic Fields in Spherical Coordinate System

Calculate electric and magnetic fields at a point 1 m along the z-axis from an Archimedean spiral antenna. Return the field as azimuth, elevation, and radial component values in a spherical coordinate system.

h = spiralArchimedean;
[e,h] = EHfields(h,4e9,[0 0 1]',CoordinateSystem="spherical")

e = 3×1 complex

  -0.3033 + 0.4072i
   0.4147 + 0.2558i
   0.0000 - 0.0000i

h = 3×1 complex

  -0.0011 - 0.0007i
  -0.0008 + 0.0011i
  -0.0000 + 0.0000i

Plot Electric and Magnetic Field Vector of Antenna

Create an Archimedean spiral antenna. Plot electric and magnetic field vector at the z = 1cm plane from the antenna.

h = spiralArchimedean;

Define points on a rectangular grid in the X-Y plane.

[X,Y] = meshgrid(-.05:.01:.05,-.05:.01:.05);

Add a z-offset of 0.01.

p = [X(:)';Y(:)';.01*ones(1,prod(size(X)))];

Plot electric and magnetic field vector at the z = 1cm plane. from the antenna

EHfields (h,4e9,p)

Embedded Vector Fields of Linear Array

Plot the embedded vector fields of a linear array when the first element is excited and all the other antenna elements are terminated using 50-ohm resistance.

l = linearArray; 
EHfields(l, 70e6, ElementNumber=1, Termination=50);

Calculate Electric and Magnetic Fields at Multiple Frequencies at Single Point in Space

Calculate electric and magnetic fields of a dipole antenna.

[E, H] = EHfields(dipole, 70e6:2e6:80e6, [0 0 0]')

E = 3×6 complex

   0.0000 - 0.0000i   0.0000 - 0.0000i   0.0000 - 0.0000i   0.0000 - 0.0000i   0.0000 - 0.0000i   0.0000 - 0.0000i
  -0.0711 + 0.0529i  -0.0642 + 0.0450i  -0.0618 + 0.0369i  -0.0623 + 0.0302i  -0.0643 + 0.0251i  -0.0669 + 0.0211i
  -1.5593 - 1.9639i  -1.8759 - 1.6776i  -2.0223 - 1.3794i  -2.0632 - 1.1288i  -2.0502 - 0.9337i  -2.0128 - 0.7852i

H = 3×6 complex
10-7 ×

  -0.0336 + 0.0059i  -0.0715 + 0.0267i  -0.0948 + 0.0528i  -0.1078 + 0.0775i  -0.1147 + 0.0986i  -0.1183 + 0.1161i
   0.0253 - 0.0033i   0.0565 - 0.0195i   0.0759 - 0.0404i   0.0867 - 0.0601i   0.0925 - 0.0769i   0.0955 - 0.0909i
  -0.0000 - 0.0000i  -0.0001 - 0.0000i  -0.0001 - 0.0000i  -0.0001 - 0.0000i  -0.0001 - 0.0000i  -0.0001 - 0.0000i

Calculate Electric and Magnetic Fields of Helix Antenna with Vertical Polarization

Calculate the electric and magnetic fields of a helix antenna with vertical polarization. Since the polarization is vertical, the electric field values are elevation components calculated in the spherical Coordinate system.

The magnetic field has an opposite polarization to the electric field and is the azimuth component calculated in the spherical Coordinate system.

[e,h] = EHfields(helix, 1e9, Polarization="V")

e = 1×441 complex

  -0.0229 + 0.0248i   0.0290 - 0.0409i   0.0364 - 0.0548i   0.0457 - 0.0661i   0.0574 - 0.0744i   0.0721 - 0.0791i   0.0899 - 0.0793i   0.1105 - 0.0738i   0.1330 - 0.0612i   0.1554 - 0.0405i   0.1748 - 0.0110i   0.1874 + 0.0262i   0.1895 + 0.0684i   0.1785 + 0.1109i   0.1539 + 0.1479i   0.1182 + 0.1736i   0.0765 + 0.1836i   0.0353 + 0.1764i   0.0008 + 0.1533i  -0.0237 + 0.1183i   0.0390 - 0.0765i  -0.0229 + 0.0248i  -0.0109 - 0.0366i  -0.0015 - 0.0525i   0.0113 - 0.0672i   0.0281 - 0.0797i   0.0492 - 0.0886i   0.0742 - 0.0924i   0.1024 - 0.0893i   0.1318 - 0.0777i   0.1596 - 0.0567i   0.1820 - 0.0269i   0.1950 + 0.0097i   0.1953 + 0.0486i   0.1815 + 0.0842i   0.1549 + 0.1102i   0.1195 + 0.1217i   0.0816 + 0.1159i   0.0475 + 0.0935i   0.0217 + 0.0580i   0.0048 + 0.0148i   0.0390 - 0.0765i  -0.0229 + 0.0248i  -0.0492 - 0.0304i  -0.0379 - 0.0485i  -0.0219 - 0.0668i  -0.0006 - 0.0837i   0.0262 - 0.0972i   0.0580 - 0.1050i   0.0933 - 0.1047i

h = 1×441 complex

   0.0001 - 0.0001i  -0.0001 + 0.0001i  -0.0001 + 0.0001i  -0.0001 + 0.0002i  -0.0001 + 0.0002i  -0.0002 + 0.0002i  -0.0002 + 0.0002i  -0.0003 + 0.0002i  -0.0004 + 0.0002i  -0.0004 + 0.0001i  -0.0005 + 0.0000i  -0.0005 - 0.0001i  -0.0005 - 0.0002i  -0.0005 - 0.0003i  -0.0004 - 0.0004i  -0.0003 - 0.0005i  -0.0002 - 0.0005i  -0.0001 - 0.0005i   0.0000 - 0.0004i   0.0001 - 0.0003i  -0.0001 + 0.0002i   0.0001 - 0.0001i   0.0000 + 0.0001i   0.0000 + 0.0001i  -0.0000 + 0.0002i  -0.0001 + 0.0002i  -0.0001 + 0.0002i  -0.0002 + 0.0003i  -0.0003 + 0.0003i  -0.0004 + 0.0002i  -0.0004 + 0.0002i  -0.0005 + 0.0001i  -0.0005 - 0.0000i  -0.0005 - 0.0001i  -0.0005 - 0.0003i  -0.0004 - 0.0003i  -0.0003 - 0.0004i  -0.0002 - 0.0003i  -0.0001 - 0.0003i  -0.0000 - 0.0002i   0.0000 - 0.0000i  -0.0001 + 0.0002i   0.0001 - 0.0001i   0.0001 + 0.0001i   0.0001 + 0.0001i   0.0001 + 0.0002i   0.0000 + 0.0002i  -0.0001 + 0.0003i  -0.0002 + 0.0003i  -0.0003 + 0.0003i

Input Arguments

object — Antenna or array

antenna object | array object | custom antenna | custom array | pcbStack object

Antenna or array to calculate the field magnitudes, specified as an antenna or array from the catalog, a pcbStack object or custom antenna or array created using either of these:

• customAntenna

• customAntennaMesh

• customArrayMesh

• customAntennaGeometry

• customArrayGeometry

• customAntennaStl

Example: spiralArchimedean

frequency — Frequency to calculate electric and magnetic fields

scalar in Hz | vector in Hz

Frequency or frequency range over which to calculate electric and magnetic fields, specified as a scalar or a vector in Hz.

Example: 70e6

Data Types: double

points — Cartesian coordinates of points in space

3-by-p matrix

Cartesian coordinates of points in space, specified as a 3-by-p matrix. p is the number of points at which to calculate the E-H field.

Example: [0 0 1]'

Data Types: double

Name-Value Arguments

Specify optional pairs of arguments as Name1=Value1,...,NameN=ValueN, where Name is the argument name and Value is the corresponding value. Name-value arguments must appear after other arguments, but the order of the pairs does not matter.

Example: ScaleFields=[2 0.5] specifies scalar values of the electric and magnetic fields

Before R2021a, use commas to separate each name and value, and enclose Name in quotes.

Example: 'ScaleFields',[2 0.5] specifies scalar values of the electric and magnetic fields

ScaleFields — Value by which to scale electric and magnetic fields

two-element vector

Value by which to scale the electric and magnetic fields, specified as a two-element vector. The first element scales the E field and the second element scales the H-field. A value of 2 doubles the relative length of either field. A value of 0.5 to halves the length of either field. A value of 0 plots either field without automatic scaling.

Example: ScaleFields=[2 0.5]

Data Types: double

ViewField — Field to display

"E" | "H"

Field to display, specified as either "E" or "H". "E" displays the electric field and "H" displays the magnetic field.

Example: ViewField="E"

Data Types: string

ElementNumber — Antenna element in array

scalar

Antenna element in array represented by its position number, specified as a scalar. This antenna element is connected to the voltage source. Use this property to calculate the embedded pattern of an array.

Example: ElementNumber=1

Data Types: double

Termination — Impedance value for array element termination

50 (default) | scalar in ohms

Impedance value for array element termination, specified as a scalar in ohms. The impedance value terminates other antenna elements of an array while calculating the embedded pattern of the antenna connected to the voltage source. Use this property to calculate the embedded pattern of an array.

Example: Termination=40

Data Types: double

CoordinateSystem — Coordinate system

"rectangular" (default) | "spherical"

Coordinate system to calculate the electric and magnetic fields of an antenna or array, specified as either "rectangular" or "spherical". In the Rectangular Coordinate System, EHfields returns the x, y, and z components of the electric and magnetic fields. In the Spherical Coordinate System, EHfields returns the azimuth, elevation and radial components of electric and magnetic fields.

Note

If you specify Polarization as either "H" or "V", the EHfields function uses spherical Coordinate system for calculations and output.

Example: CoordinateSystem="spherical"

Data Types: string

Polarization — Polarization of electric field

"combined" (default) | "H" | "V"

Polarization of the electric field, specified as either "H" for horizontal polarization or "V" for vertical polarization or "combined" for mixed horizontal and vertical polarization. The default value is set to "combined". The magnetic field has the opposite polarization.

When you specify Polarization as either "H" or "V" in a syntax without output arguments, the EHfields function calculates and returns the complex value of the azimuth or elevation component of the polarized electric field as a 1-by-p vector. p represents the number of points to calculate the field.

For vertical polarization, E-field is the elevation component and H-field is the azimuth component. For horizontal polarization, E-field is the azimuth component and H-field is the elevation component.

Example: Polarization="H"

Data Types: string

Output Arguments

e — Components of electrical field

3-by-p complex matrix in V/m

x, y, z components of electrical field in the rectangular coordinate system or azimuth, elevation, radial components in the spherical coordinate system, returned as 3-by-p complex matrix in V/m. The dimension p is the number of points in space at which the electric and magnetic fields are computed.

h — x, y, z components of magnetic field

3-by-p complex matrix in A/m

x, y, z components of magnetic field in the rectangular coordinate system or azimuth, elevation, radial components in the spherical coordinate system, returned as a 3-by-p complex matrix in A/m. The dimension p is the number of points in space at which the electric and magnetic fields are computed.

Version History

Introduced in R2015a