Lots. Why do you ask? The kind you use depends on the type of image you have, and what you consider to be the background. For example the "background" of a person walking across a street might be what's behind the person but the background for a snapshot of a thing in a lightbooth or an image in a fluorescent microscopy image or x-ray radiograph would all be completely different. You might use background division, background subtraction, background estimation, etc. It just depends on what you're planning on doing with the background once you have it. And like I said, how you get the background depends on the imaging situation.