Solving a second order Differential equasion using Eulers Method

I have to solve a second order differential equation using Euler's method (so not the ode45 command) and without using the Euler matlab shortcut. meaning i have write the loop myself.

i listed my parameter is a sturcture as follows:

%%This file defines the parameters of the parachutist
% use a structure to store the parameters
P.m = 80;          % mass skydiver (kg)
P.h = 1000;        % starting altitude (m)
P.g = 9.81;        % gravity (m/s^2)
P.k = 1.4;         % drag coefficient

and i defined the equations of motion for the skydiver as follows

function dx= Skydiver(t,w)
% Equations of motion for a skydiver
dx = zeros(2,1)
dx(1)=w(2);
dx(2)= -P.g+P.k/P.m*w(2)^2

In the following part i have to program the Euler's method to solve this problem, and eventually plot the altitude of the skydiver with respect to time and the speed of the skydiver with respect to time

clear all;                                          % this helps to prevent unexpected problems
SkydiverParameters;                                   % this runs the parameters script
%User-defined parameters
Tsim = 10;                                            % simulate over Tsim seconds
h = 0.001;                                               % step size
N= Tsim/h;                                          % number of steps to simulate
x=zeros(2,1);
x(1)= 1000                      % starthoogte
x(2)= 0                         % startsnelheid
Simulation loop using Euler method
for k=1:N

end

so far i got this. but i cant figure out how to write the loop for the Euler's method Also, in the task description a pseude-code was given, but i cant figure it out.

Input: model function xdot = f(x) as defined above in step 3, simulation step size h, number of steps N to simulate, initial state x(1) Algorithm: for k from 1 to N x(k+1) = x(k) + h*f(x(k)) end Output: sequence of simulated states x(1), x(2), …, x(N+1)

Answer 1

[Mukul Rao]

I would recommend the following changes:

• Redefine x to be a matrix of size 2 by N where each column corresponds to an instant in simulation time
• Verify your algorithm against ode45 results to be sure of the implementation

With these changes and some subjective modifications, the code would look as shown below. Copy paste the code to a MATLAB function file and execute it.

function euler                                       
Tsim = 10;                                            % simulate over Tsim seconds
h = 0.01;                                               % step size
N= Tsim/h;                                          % number of steps to simulate
x=zeros(2,N);
t = zeros(1,N);
x(1,1)= 1000;                      % starthoogte
x(2,1)= 0;  % startsnelheid

for k=1:N-1

      t(k+1)= t(k) + h; %You can implement this with linspace as well

      %Euler's formula , x(k+1)= x(k) + h * dx(k)
      x(:,k+1) = x(:,k) + h* Skydiver(t(k),x(:,k)); %Euler algorithm
  end

%Compare with ode45
x0 = [1000;0];
[T,Y] = ode45(@Skydiver,[0 Tsim],x0);

plot(t,x(1,:)) %Results from Euler algorithm
hold on 
plot(T,Y(:,1),'^') %Results from ode45
legend('Euler','ode45') 
end

function dx= Skydiver(t,w)
% use a structure to store the parameters
P.m = 80;          % mass skydiver (kg)
P.h = 1000;        % starting altitude (m)
P.g = 9.81;        % gravity (m/s^2)
P.k = 1.4;         % drag coefficient

% Equations of motion for a skydiver
dx = zeros(2,1);
dx(1)=w(2);
dx(2)= -P.g+P.k/P.m*w(2)^2;
end

[Stinelino]

Mukal, thanks so much already. I do have a follow up question. I want to use the same methode to plot a graph of the speed of the skydiver. Can you help me out with that as well?