Band-Pass Filter butter problem

filter_order_bpf = 10; % filter order, larger number makes the filter

% response sharper but increases the cost

f_low_bpf = f_carrier - f_stop_lpf; % low cut-off frecuency of band-pass filter

f_high_bpf = 31e3; % high cut-off frecuency of band-pass filter

wn_bpf = [f_low_bpf, f_high_bpf]/(Fs/2); % this parameter is used by MATLAB, defines it based

% on your cut-off frequencies and your signal sampling frequency

[b_bpf, a_bpf] = butter(filter_order_bpf, wn_bpf, 'bandpass'); % creates a Butterworth band-pass filter

filt_received = filter(b_bpf, a_bpf, y_mod_am_received); % apply the filter to received signal

filt_rec_sig_FD = fft(filt_received); % calculate frequency domain of audio

filt_rec_sig_FD_amp = abs(filt_rec_sig_FD)/no_of_pnts; % calculate the amplitude of frequency domain

filt_rec_sig_FD_amp_adj = fftshift(filt_rec_sig_FD_amp); % adjust the frequency sides

figure;

semilogy(freq, rec_sig_FD_amp_adj, 'b');

hold on;

semilogy(freq, filt_rec_sig_FD_amp_adj, 'r');

xlim([10, freq_max]);

grid minor;

box on;

xlabel('Frequency (Hz)');

ylabel('Amplitude');

legend('Received', 'Filtered Received');

title('Frequency Domain of Received and Filtered Received Signals');

The error is Error using butter>butterImpl

The cutoff frequencies must be within the interval of (0,1).

Error in butter (line 59)

[varargout{1:nargout}] = butterImpl(n,Wn,varargin{:});

How do I fix this?

[Star Strider]

NOTE — The transfer function implementation is generally not recommended because of potential stability problems. See the butter documentation section on Limitations for details. (This applies to all discrete filter designs, not only butter.)

Also, filtfilt is generally recommended because it produces a phase-neutral result.

Answer 1

[MarKf]

Something something Nyquist frequency.... If you provide the missing data to your example you could get a better answer

f_stop_lpf = 4500; %e.g.
Fs = 100000; %e.g.
f_carrier = 10000; %e.g.
no_of_pnts = 20000;
y_mod_am_received = randn(no_of_pnts, 1); %inputsignal
freq = linspace(1,f_carrier,no_of_pnts);

filter_order_bpf = 10;  % filter order, larger number makes the filter% response sharper but increases the cost % maybe use buttord to lower this?
f_low_bpf = f_carrier - f_stop_lpf;  % low cut-off frecuency of band-pass filter
f_high_bpf = 31e3;  % high cut-off frecuency of band-pass filter
wn_bpf = [f_low_bpf, f_high_bpf]/(Fs/2);  % this parameter is used by MATLAB, defines it based % on your cut-off frequencies and your signal sampling frequency
[b_bpf, a_bpf] = butter(filter_order_bpf, wn_bpf, 'bandpass');  % creates a Butterworth band-pass filter

filt_received = filter(b_bpf, a_bpf, y_mod_am_received);  % apply the filter to received signal
filt_rec_sig_FD = fft(filt_received);  % calculate frequency domain of audio
filt_rec_sig_FD_amp = abs(filt_rec_sig_FD)/no_of_pnts;  % calculate the amplitude of frequency domain
filt_rec_sig_FD_amp_adj = fftshift(filt_rec_sig_FD_amp);  % adjust the frequency sides

figure;
% % semilogy(freq, rec_sig_FD_amp_adj, 'b'); rec_sig_FD_amp_adj absent
% hold on;
semilogy(freq, filt_rec_sig_FD_amp_adj, 'r');
% xlim([10, freq_max]);
grid minor;
box on;
xlabel('Frequency (Hz)');
ylabel('Amplitude');
legend( 'Filtered Received'); %'Received',
title('Frequency Domain of Received and Filtered Received Signals');

[Matt]

Brilliant, thank you ever so much.

[MarKf]

Thank you for accepting the answer. Once again, I made up the missing data on the spot. The frequency space is definetely wrong.

But indeed the issue was likely the Nyquist frequency, so the cutoff should be less than half the sampling frequency (in butterImpl the cutoff/sampling frequency ratio should be between 0 and 1/2). So maybe that's all you needed. Still, take heed, also of what @Star Strider said above, maybe also use freqz to look at the filter response.