GeographicPostingsReference

Reference raster postings to geographic coordinates

Description

A geographic postings raster reference object contains information that describes the relationship between a geographic coordinate system and an intrinsic coordinate system that is anchored to the columns and rows of a 2-D spatially referenced grid of point samples (or postings).

In order to reference a raster of postings to geographic coordinates by using a GeographicPostingsReference object, the raster must be sampled regularly in latitude and longitude, and its columns and rows must be aligned with meridians and parallels, respectively. The sample spacing from row to row need not equal the sample spacing from column to column.

This image illustrates a 9-by-11 geographic raster of postings. The postings are spaced 1 degree apart in latitude and longitude, cover longitude values in the range [40,50] in degrees, and cover latitude values in the range [20,28] in degrees. The boundary of the raster of postings is a geographic quadrangle with edges that pass through the outermost postings.

To reference a raster of cells to geographic coordinates, use a GeographicCellsReference object instead.

Creation

You can use these functions to create GeographicPostingsReference objects:

• readgeoraster — Import a raster data file as an array and a reference object.

• georefpostings — Create a geographic raster reference object by specifying the latitude and longitude limits of the raster and either the size of the raster or the spacing of the postings.

• georasterref — Convert a world file to a geographic raster reference object.

• refmatToGeoRasterReference — Convert a referencing matrix to a geographic raster reference object.

Properties

LatitudeLimits — Latitude limits of the geographic quadrangle bounding the georeferenced raster

[0.5 1.5] (default) | two-element vector

Latitude limits of the geographic quadrangle bounding the georeferenced raster, specified as a two-element vector of the form [southern_limit northern_limit].

Example: [-20 70]

Data Types: double

LongitudeLimits — Longitude limits of the geographic quadrangle bounding the georeferenced raster

[0.5 1.5] (default) | two-element vector

Longitude limits of the geographic quadrangle bounding the georeferenced raster, specified as a two-element vector of the form [western_limit eastern_limit].

Example: [-100 180]

Data Types: double

RasterSize — Number of rows and columns of the raster or image associated with the referencing object

[2 2] (default) | two-element vector of positive integers

Number of rows and columns of the raster or image associated with the referencing object, specified as a two-element vector, [m n], where m represents the number of rows and n the number of columns. For convenience, you can assign a size vector having more than two elements. This enables assignments like R.RasterSize = size(RGB), where RGB is m-by-n-by-3. In cases like this, the object stores only the first two elements of the size vector and ignores the higher (nonspatial) dimensions.

Example: [200 300]

Data Types: double

RasterInterpretation — Geometric nature of the raster

'postings' (default)

This property is read-only.

Geometric nature of the raster, specified as 'postings'.

The value 'postings' indicates that the raster comprises a grid of sample points, where rows or columns of samples run along the edge of the grid. For an m-by-n raster, points with an intrinsic x-coordinate of 1 or n and/or an intrinsic y-coordinate of 1 or m fall right on an edge (or corner) of the raster.

Data Types: char

AngleUnit — Unit of measurement used for angle-valued properties

'degree' (default)

This property is read-only.

Unit of measurement used for angle-valued properties, specified as 'degree'.

Data Types: char

ColumnsStartFrom — Edge from which column indexing starts

'south' (default) | 'north'

Edge from which column indexing starts, specified as 'south' or 'north'.

Example: 'south'

Data Types: char

RowsStartFrom — Edge from which row indexing starts

'west' (default) | 'east'

Edge from which row indexing starts, specified as 'west' or 'east'.

Example: 'east'

Data Types: char

SampleSpacingInLatitude — North-south distance in latitude between adjacent samples in the raster

1 (default) | positive numeric scalar

North-south distance in latitude between adjacent samples (postings) in the raster, specified as a positive numeric scalar. The value is always positive, and is the constant throughout the raster.

Example: 2.5

Data Types: double

SampleSpacingInLongitude — East-west distance in longitude between adjacent samples in the raster

1 (default) | positive numeric scalar

East-west distance in longitude between adjacent samples (postings) in the raster, specified as a positive numeric scalar. The value is always positive, and is the constant throughout the raster.

Example: 2.5

Data Types: double

RasterExtentInLatitude — Latitude extent ("height") of the quadrangle covered by the raster

1 (default) | positive numeric scalar

This property is read-only.

Latitude extent ("height") of the quadrangle covered by the raster, specified as a positive numeric scalar.

Data Types: double

RasterExtentInLongitude — Longitude extent ("width") of the quadrangle covered by the raster

1 (default) | positive numeric scalar

This property is read-only.

Longitude extent ("width") of the quadrangle covered by the raster, specified as a positive numeric scalar.

Data Types: double

XIntrinsicLimits — Raster limits in intrinsic x coordinates

[1 2] (default) | two-element row vector of positive integers

This property is read-only.

Raster limits in intrinsic x coordinates, specified as a two-element row vector of positive integers, [xMin xMax]. For an m-by-n raster, XIntrinsicLimits equals [1 m], because the RasterInterpretation is 'postings'.

Data Types: double

YIntrinsicLimits — Raster limits in intrinsic y coordinates

[1 2] (default) | two-element row vector of positive integers

This property is read-only.

Raster limits in intrinsic y coordinates, specified as a two-element row vector of positive integers, [yMin yMax]. For an m-by-n raster, YIntrinsicLimits equals [1 m], because the RasterInterpretation is 'postings'.

Data Types: double

CoordinateSystemType — Type of coordinate system to which the image or raster is referenced

'geographic' (default) | two-element row vector of positive integers

This property is read-only.

Type of coordinate system to which the image or raster is referenced, specified as 'geographic'.

Data Types: char

GeographicCRS — Geographic coordinate reference system

[] (default) | geocrs object

Geographic coordinate reference system (CRS), specified as a geocrs object. A geographic CRS consists of a datum (including its ellipsoid), prime meridian, and angular unit of measurement.

Object Functions

contains	Determine if geographic or map raster contains points
cropToBlock	Crop raster reference object to row and column limits of raster
geographicGrid	Geographic coordinates of raster elements
geographicToDiscrete	Transform geographic to discrete coordinates
geographicToIntrinsic	Transform geographic to intrinsic coordinates
intrinsicToGeographic	Transform intrinsic to geographic coordinates
intrinsicXToLongitude	Convert from intrinsic x to longitude coordinates
intrinsicYToLatitude	Convert from intrinsic y to latitude coordinates
latitudeToIntrinsicY	Convert from latitude to intrinsic y coordinates
longitudeToIntrinsicX	Convert from longitude to intrinsic x coordinates
sizesMatch	Determine if geographic or map raster object and image or raster are size-compatible
worldFileMatrix	Return world file parameters for transformation

Examples

Display Geographic Raster of Regularly Spaced Posting Points

Import elevation data as an array and a GeographicPostingsReference object by using the readgeoraster function. Prepare the data for plotting by specifying the output type as 'double'.

[Z,R] = readgeoraster('n39_w106_3arc_v2.dt1','OutputType','double');

View the properties of the GeographicPostingsReference object.

R

R = 
  GeographicPostingsReference with properties:

              LatitudeLimits: [39 40]
             LongitudeLimits: [-106 -105]
                  RasterSize: [1201 1201]
        RasterInterpretation: 'postings'
            ColumnsStartFrom: 'north'
               RowsStartFrom: 'west'
     SampleSpacingInLatitude: 1/1200
    SampleSpacingInLongitude: 1/1200
      RasterExtentInLatitude: 1
     RasterExtentInLongitude: 1
            XIntrinsicLimits: [1 1201]
            YIntrinsicLimits: [1 1201]
        CoordinateSystemType: 'geographic'
               GeographicCRS: [1x1 geocrs]
                   AngleUnit: 'degree'

Create a map with limits that match the limits of the reference object. Display the elevation data as a surface. Apply a colormap that is appropriate for elevation data.

usamap(R.LatitudeLimits,R.LongitudeLimits)
geoshow(Z,R,'DisplayType','surface')
demcmap(Z)

More About

Intrinsic Coordinate System

A 2-D Cartesian system with its x-axis running parallel to the rows of a raster or image and its y-axis running parallel to the columns. x increases by 1 from column to column, and y increases by 1 from row to row.

Mapping Toolbox™ and Image Processing Toolbox™ use the convention for the location of the origin relative to the raster cells or sampling points such that, at a sample location or at the center of a cell, x has an integer value equal to the column index. Likewise, at a sample location or at the center of a cell, y has an integer value equal to the row index. For details, see Image Coordinate Systems (Image Processing Toolbox).

Version History

Introduced in R2013b