Calculate PSD using FFT
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Hi, The question is to calculate PSD using FFT function in MATLAB. Ive already done it with pwelch command in MATLAB and now it's time to do it with FFT command and compare the results. If I have file named: file2.Mat which contains 3 columns. first column is time, second Force and the third is acceleration. the sampling is 4000Hz and the number of NFFT is ,let us say, 4444. I know that we need to multiply the window with time column. And then what?
Does anybody know how to do it? Ive been work on this for like 3 hours.
regards
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Noel Khan
2020년 10월 16일
Do you have the pwelch implementation? I would like to see how you got your estimate if you dont mind :)
채택된 답변
Frantz Bouchereau
2021년 7월 29일
Here is a popular MATLAB doc page that explains the relationship between FFT and true power spectra: Power Spectral Density Estimates Using FFT.
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Aditya
2023년 10월 5일
편집: Aditya
2023년 10월 5일
This page appears to have a conceptual error in the first example. Amplitudes must be multiplied by two before taking one-sided PSD (as pointed out in reply by Chris Schwarz on 27 Aug 2020). Can the documentation be fixed?
추가 답변 (4개)
Wayne King
2011년 11월 21일
The PSD is an even function of frequency, so you only need from 0 to the Nyquist, if you want to conserve the total power, you have to multiply all frequencies except 0 and the Nyquist by two if you only keep 1/2 the frequencies. 0 and the Nyquist only occur once in the PSD estimate, all other frequencies occur twice. If you look at the example I gave you, then you see it agrees with the scaling in MATLAB's periodogram.
The answer about multiplying by a window, Hanning, Hamming, Blackman, Tukey. etc. is that it depends. A window reduces the bias in the periodogram, but that comes at the cost of reduced frequency resolution (a broader main lobe).
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Wayne King
2011년 11월 21일
Why don't you just use spectrum.periodogram?
Fs = 1e3;
t = 0:1/Fs:1-1/Fs;
x = cos(2*pi*100*t)+randn(size(t));
plot(psd(spectrum.periodogram,x,'Fs',Fs,'NFFT',length(x)));
If you want to do it simply with fft()
xdft = fft(x);
xdft = xdft(1:length(x)/2+1);
xdft(2:end-1) = 2*xdft(2:end-1);
psdest = 1/(length(x)*Fs)*abs(xdft).^2;
freq = 0:Fs/length(x):Fs/2;
plot(freq,10*log10(psdest));
grid on;
Compare the plots.
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Wayne King
2011년 11월 21일
If you want to use a window, like Hamming, etc. You can do:
plot(psd(spectrum.periodogram('Hamming'),x,'Fs',Fs,'NFFT',length(x)));
Chappi
2019년 12월 17일
Hi, can I ask about how you can apply Hamming window using FFT method? I dont have Signal Processing Tool so I can not use periodogram function. Thank you
Chris Schwarz
2020년 8월 27일
An adjustment to Wayne's code that gives an exact match to the periodogram is:
Fs = 1e3;
t = 0:1/Fs:1-1/Fs;
x = cos(2*pi*100*t)+randn(size(t));
plot(psd(spectrum.periodogram,x,'Fs',Fs,'NFFT',length(x)));
xdft = fft(x);
xdft = xdft(1:length(x)/2+1);
xdft(2:end-1) = 2*xdft(2:end-1);
freq = 0:Fs/length(x):Fs/2;
df = diff(freq);
df = df(1);
% psdest = 1/(length(x)*Fs)*abs(xdft).^2; % original
psdest = abs(xdft/length(x)).^2/(2*df); % modified
hold on
plot(freq,10*log10(psdest),'r');
grid on;
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PK
2021년 1월 18일
psdest = abs(xdft/length(x)).^2/(2*df); % modified
why '2*df'? For the zero frequency also 2*df?
Thanks
karinkan
2021년 3월 7일
close all
Fs = 1e3;
t = 0:1/Fs:1-1/Fs;
x = cos(2*pi*100*t)+randn(size(t));
L =length(x);
NFFT = 2^nextpow2(L);
plot(psd(spectrum.periodogram,x,'Fs',Fs,'NFFT',NFFT));
df = Fs/NFFT;
freq = 0:df:Fs/2;
xdft = fft(x,NFFT);
xdft_s = xdft(1:NFFT/2+1);
amp = abs(xdft_s)/NFFT;
psdest = amp.^2/(df); % original
psdest(2:end-1) = 2*psdest(2:end-1);
hold on
plot(freq,10*log10(psdest),'r');
grid on;
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