DVB-S2 BCH Decoder

Decode and recover message from BCH codeword according to DVB-S2 standard

Since R2022a

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Libraries:
Wireless HDL Toolbox / Error Detection and Correction

Description

The DVB-S2 BCH Decoder block decodes and recovers messages from a Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codeword according to the Digital Video Broadcast Satellite Second Generation (DVB-S2) standard [1]. The block accepts low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoded codeword data bits and a stream of control signals. It outputs decoded message data bits, a stream of control signals, a signal that indicates when the block is ready to accept new input, and an optional signal that provided the number of corrected errors in the output. The block supports either a scalar or an 8-element column vector as input.

The block supports two forward error correction (FEC) frame types, normal and short. The block provides an architecture suitable for HDL code generation and hardware deployment. You can use this block in a DVB-S2 receiver for satellite communication.

Examples

Decode and Recover Message Using DVB-S2 Standard FEC Decoder

Decode and recover message from codeword using FEC decoder according to DVB-S2 standard.

• Open Script

Ports

Input

data — Codeword data bits

scalar | vector

Codeword data bits, specified as a Boolean scalar or an 8-element column vector.

The length of the input data must be based on the FEC frame type and code rate according to the DVB-S2 standard. For more information, see section 5.3 in [1].

For example, if the FEC frame type parameter is set to Normal and the Code rate parameter is set to 3/5, the length of the input data must be 38,880.

Data Types: Boolean

ctrl — Control signals accompanying sample stream

samplecontrol bus

Control signals accompanying the sample stream, specified as a samplecontrol bus. The bus includes the start, end, and valid control signals, which indicate the boundaries of the frame and the validity of the samples.

• start — Indicates the start of the input frame

• end — Indicates the end of the input frame

• valid — Indicates that the data on the input data port is valid

For more details, see Sample Control Bus.

Data Types: bus

frameType — Frame type

scalar

Since R2024b

Frame type, specified as a Boolean scalar. If you specify 0, the block considers the input data as a normal frame and if you specify 1 the block considers the input data as a short frame.

Dependencies

To enable this port, set the Frame type source parameter to Input port.

Data Types: Boolean

codeRateIdx — Code rate index

integer

Code rate index, specified as an integer. Code rate index values range from 0 to 10. Each code rate index value represents a specific code rate, as shown in this table.

codeRateIdx Value	Code Rate
0	1/4
1	1/3
2	2/5
3	1/2
4	3/5
5	2/3
6	3/4
7	4/5
8	5/6
9	8/9
10	9/10

Dependencies

To enable this port, set the Code rate source parameter to Input port.

Data Types: fixdt(0,4,0)

Output

data — Decoded message bits

scalar | vector

Decoded message bits, returned as a Boolean scalar or as an 8-element column vector. The output data type and dimension are same as the input.

Data Types: Boolean

ctrl — Control signals accompanying sample stream

samplecontrol bus

Control signals accompanying the sample stream, returned as a samplecontrol bus. The bus includes the start, end, and valid control signals, which indicate the boundaries of the frame and the validity of the samples.

• start — Indicates the start of the output frame

• end — Indicates the end of the output frame

• valid — Indicates that the data on the output data port is valid

For more details, see Sample Control Bus.

Data Types: bus

numCorrErr — Number of corrected errors

scalar

Number of corrected errors, returned as a scalar.

• – 1 — Indicates that the block contains errors in its output that cannot be corrected

• 0 — Indicates that the block does not contain errors in its output

• Range from 1 to 12 — Indicates the number of errors corrected in the block output

Dependencies

To enable this port, select the Output number of corrected symbol errors parameter.

Data Types: fixdt(1,5,0)

nextFrame — Block ready indicator

scalar

Block ready indicator, returned as a Boolean scalar.

The block sets this signal to 1 (true) when the block is ready to accept the start of the next frame. If the block receives an input ctrl.start signal while nextFrame is 0 (false), the block discards the frame in progress and begins processing the new data.

Data Types: Boolean

Parameters

FEC frame type source — FEC frame type source

Property (default) | Input port

Since R2024b

Select the FEC frame type source as Property or Input port.

• Property — Select this option to enable the FEC frame type parameter.

• Input port — Select this option to enable the frameType port.

For more information about normal and short FEC frame types, see [1].

FEC frame type — FEC frame type

Normal (default) | Short

Select the FEC frame type as Normal or Short.

For more information about normal and short FEC frame types, see [1].

Code rate source — Source for code rate

Property (default) | Input port

Select the code rate source as Property or Input port.

• Property — Select this option to enable the Code rate parameter.

• Input port — Select this option to enable the codeRateIdx input port.

Code rate — Code rate

1/4 (default) | 1/3 | 2/5 | 1/2 | 3/5 | 2/3 | 3/4 | 4/5 | 5/6 | 8/9 | 9/10

Select the code rate.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set the Code rate source parameter to Property.

Output number of corrected errors — Number of corrected errors

off (default) | on

Select this parameter to enable the numCorrErr output port. This port outputs the number of corrected errors.

Algorithms

BCH codes are cyclic codes that are capable of correcting multiple random errors. This figure shows the different stages of operations performed in the DVB-S2 BCH Decoder block for decoding a BCH code. The block calculates syndrome values, determines the error location polynomial using the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm, finds error locations using the Chien search [2] algorithm, and corrects the errors. For more information about the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm, see Algorithms for BCH and RS Errors-only Decoding. DVB-S2 specifications define BCH codes over two Galios fields, GF (216) and GF(214). For more information, see section 5.3 in [1].

Latency

The latency between valid input data and the corresponding valid output data depends on the input dimension, frame type, code rate, and the number of errors the block can correct.

This figure shows a Logic Analyzer waveform of the sample output and latency of the DVB-S2 BCH Decoder block for a scalar input when you set the FEC frame type and Code rate parameter values to Normal and 1/4, respectively. The latency of the block is 35,111 clock cycles.

This figure shows a Logic Analyzer waveform of the sample output and latency of the DVB-S2 BCH Decoder block for an 8-element column vector input when you set the FEC frame type and Code rate parameter values to Normal and 1/4, respectively. The latency of the block is 20,936 clock cycles.

Performance

The performance of the synthesized HDL code varies with your target and synthesis options.

This table shows the resource and performance data synthesis results for a scalar input and an 8-element column vector input when the FEC frame type and Code rate parameter values are specified as Normal and 1/4, respectively. The generated HDL code is targeted to the AMD^® Zynq^® UltraScale+™ ZCU111 Evaluation Board with XCZU28DR-2FFVG1517E RFSoC.

Input Data	Slice LUTs	Slice Registers	DSPs	Block RAM	Maximum Frequency in MHz
Scalar	11428	9273	0	2	323.80
Vector	12536	9544	0	4	337.34

The maximum throughputs for scalar and vector inputs are 173.73 Mbps and 311.73 Mbps, respectively.

References

[1] ETSI Standard EN 302 307 V1.4.1: Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Second generation framing structure, channel coding and modulation systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News Gathering and other broadband satellite applications (DVB-S2), European Telecommunications Standards Institute, Valbonne, France, 2005-03.

[2] Chien, R. “Cyclic Decoding Procedures for Bose- Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem Codes.” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 10, no. 4 (October 1964): 357–63. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.1964.1053699.

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation

Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.

This block supports C/C++ code generation for Simulink^® accelerator and rapid accelerator modes and for DPI component generation.

HDL Code Generation

Generate VHDL, Verilog and SystemVerilog code for FPGA and ASIC designs using HDL Coder™.

HDL Coder™ provides additional configuration options that affect HDL implementation and synthesized logic.

HDL Architecture

This block has one default HDL architecture.

HDL Block Properties

ConstrainedOutputPipeline	Number of registers to place at the outputs by moving existing delays within your design. Distributed pipelining does not redistribute these registers. The default is 0. For more details, see ConstrainedOutputPipeline (HDL Coder).
InputPipeline	Number of input pipeline stages to insert in the generated code. Distributed pipelining and constrained output pipelining can move these registers. The default is 0. For more details, see InputPipeline (HDL Coder).
OutputPipeline	Number of output pipeline stages to insert in the generated code. Distributed pipelining and constrained output pipelining can move these registers. The default is 0. For more details, see OutputPipeline (HDL Coder).

To obtain effective synthesis results on Intel^® Altera^® devices, perform the following settings:

• For VHDL — In the Configuration Parameters dialog box, go to HDL Code Generation > Global Settings > Coding style tab and set the RAM Architecture parameter to Generic RAM without clock enable.

• For Verilog — In the Configuration Parameters dialog box, go to HDL Code Generation > Global Settings > Coding style tab and clear the Initialize all RAM blocks option.

Restrictions

You cannot generate HDL for this block inside a Resettable Synchronous Subsystem (HDL Coder).

Version History

Introduced in R2022a

R2024b: Support for frame-based input data and option to specify frame type through input port

The DVB-S2 BCH Decoder block now supports frame-based inputs. The block now offers a new parameter FEC frame source, which you can use to specify the frame type through an input port or through property. The block is optimized to minimize the use of BRAMs for both scalar and frame-based input data.

R2023b: Improvement in resource utilization

The DVB-S2 BCH Decoder block now improves its resource utilization values. You can see a significant decrease in the usage of Block RAMs.

Release	Slice LUTs	Slice Registers	DSPs	Block RAM
R2022a	5586	5294	4	638
R2023b	9057	5715	4	103