Amplifier
Libraries:
RF Blockset /
Idealized Baseband
Description
The Amplifier block generates a complex baseband model of an amplifier with thermal noise. This block provides four nonlinearity models and three options to specify noise representation.
Examples
Idealized Baseband Amplifier with Nonlinearity and Noise
The example shows how to use the idealized baseband library Amplifier block to amplify a signal with nonlinearity and noise. The Amplifier uses the Cubic Polynomial
model with a Linear power gain
of 10 dB, an Input IP3
nonlinearity of 30 dBm, and a Noise figure
of 3 dB.
Ports
Input
Port_1 — Input baseband signal
real scalar | real column | complex scalar | complex column
Input baseband signal, specified as a real scalar, real column, complex scalar, or complex column.
Data Types: double
| single
Output
Port_1 — Output baseband signal
real scalar | real column | complex scalar | complex column
Output baseband signal, specified as a real scalar, real column, complex scalar, or complex column. The output port mimics the properties of the input port. For example, if the input baseband signal is specified as a real scalar with a data type double, then the output baseband signal is also specified as a real signal with the data type double.
Data Types: double
| single
Parameters
Main Tab
Model — Amplifier nonlinearity model
cubic
(default) | ampm
| modified-rapp
| saleh
Specify the amplifier nonlinearity model as one of the following:
cubic
— The cubic polynomial model uses linear power gain to determine the linear coefficient of a third-order polynomial and either IP3, P1dB, or Psat to determine the third - order coefficient of the polynomial.ampm
— The AM/AM-AM/PM model uses a lookup table to calculate the amplifier power characteristics.modified-rapp
— The modified Rapp uses a normalized transfer function to calculate the amplifier power characteristics.saleh
— The Saleh model also uses a normalized transfer function to calculate the amplifier power characteristics.
For more information, see Nonlinearity Models in Idealized Amplifier Block.
Linear power gain (dB) — Linear gain of amplifier
0
(default) | real scalar
Linear gain, specified as a scalar in dB.
Type of Non-Linearity — Third - order nonlinearity type
OIP3
(default) | IIP3
| IP1dB
| OP1dB
| IPsat
| OPsat
Third order nonlinearity type, specified as IIP3
,
OIP3
, IP1dB
, OP1dB
,
IPsat
, or OPsat
.
IIP3 (dBm) — Input third-order intercept point
Inf
(default) | real positive number
Input third-order intercept point, specified as a real positive number in dBm.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Model to
cubic
and Type of Non-Linearity
to IIP3
.
OIP3 (dBm) — Output third-order intercept point
Inf
(default) | real positive number
Output third-order intercept point, specified as a real positive number in dBm.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Model to
cubic
and Type of Non-Linearity
to OIP3
.
IP1dB (dBm) — Input 1 dB compression point
Inf
(default) | real positive number
Input 1 dB compression point, specified as a real positive number in dBm.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Model to
cubic
and Type of Non-Linearity
to IP1dB
.
OP1dB (dBm) — Output 1 dB compression point
Inf
(default) | real positive number
Output 1 dB compression point, specified as a real positive number in dBm.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Model to
cubic
and Type of Non-Linearity
to OP1dB
.
IPsat (dBm) — Input saturation point
Inf
(default) | real positive number
Input saturation point, specified as a real positive number in dBm.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Model to
cubic
and Type of Non-Linearity
to IPsat
.
OPsat (dBm) — Output saturation point
Inf
(default) | real positive number
Output saturation point, specified as a positive real number in dBm.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Model to
cubic
and Type of Non-Linearity
to OPsat
.
Simulate using — Specify type of simulation to run
Code generation
(default) | Interpreted execution
Code generation
– Simulate model using generated C code. The first time you run a simulation, Simulink® generates C code for the block. The C code is reused for subsequent simulations, as long as the model does not change. This option requires additional startup time, but the speed of the subsequent simulations is faster thanInterpreted execution
.Interpreted execution
– Simulate model using the MATLAB® interpreter. This option shortens startup time speed, but the speed of the subsequent simulations is slower thanCode generation
. In this mode, you can debug the source code of the block.
Plot power characteristics — Plot power characteristics
button (default)
This button plots the power characteristics based on the parameters specified on the Main tab.
For more information, see Plot Power Characteristics.
Lookup table (Pin(dBm), Pout(dBm), deg) — Lookup table
[ -25, 5, -1; -10, 20, -2; 0, 27, 5; 5, 28, 12
]
(default) | M-by-3 real matrix
Table lookup entries specified as a real M-by-3 matrix. This table expresses the model output power dBm level in matrix column 2 and the model phase change in degrees in matrix column 3 as related to the absolute value of the input signal power of matrix column 1 for the AM/AM - AM/PM model. The column 1 input power must increase monotonically.
The interp1
function with the linear
method is
employed to extrapolate and interpolate the data points specified in the lookup table.
Furthermore, for extrapolating input data points that are less than the smallest specified
input power value in the lookup table, the AM/AM extrapolation uses a slope of 1 and constant
phase value equal to the phase of the smallest input power.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Model to
ampm
.
Output saturation level (V) — Output saturation level
1
(default) | real positive number
Voltage output saturation level, specified as a real positive number in dBm.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Model to
modified-rapp
.
Magnitude smoothness factor — Magnitude smoothness factor
2
(default) | real positive number
Magnitude smoothness factor for the modified-rapp
amplifier
model AM/AM calculations, specified as a positive real number.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Model to
modified-rapp
.
Phase gain (rad) — Phase gain
-0.45
(default) | real scalar
Phase gain for the modified-rapp
amplifier model AM/PM
calculations, specified as a real scalar in radians.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Model to
modified-rapp
.
Phase saturation — Phase saturation
0.88
(default) | real positive number
Phase saturation for the modified-rapp
amplifier model AM/PM
calculations, specified as a positive real number.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Model to
modified-rapp
.
Phase smoothness factor — Phase smoothness factor
[3.43, 3.43]
(default) | real positive number | two-tuple vector
Phase smoothness factor for the modified-rapp
amplifier model
AM/PM calculations, specified as a positive real number or two-tuple vector.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Model to
modified-rapp
.
Input scaling (dB) — Scaling factor for input signal level
0
(default) | nonnegative real number
Scaling factor for input signal level for the saleh
amplifier
model, specified as a nonnegative real number in dB.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Model to
saleh
.
AM / AM parameters [alpha beta] — AM/AM
conversion parameters
[ 2.1587, 1.1517 ]
(default) | two-element vector
AM/AM two-tuple conversion parameters for saleh
amplifier
model, specified as a two-element vector of nonnegative real numbers.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Model to
saleh
.
AM / PM parameters [alpha beta] — AM/PM
conversion parameters
[ 4.0033, 9.1040 ]
(default) | two-element vector
AM/PM
two-tuple conversion parameters for
saleh
amplifier model, specified as a two-element vector of
nonnegative real numbers.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Model to
saleh
.
Output scaling (dB) — Scaling factor for output signal level
0
(default) | nonnegative real number
Scaling factor for output signal level for saleh
amplifier
model, specified as nonnegative real number in dB.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Model to
saleh
.
Noise Tab
Include Noise — Add noise to system
off
(default) | on
Select this parameter to add system noise to the input signal. Once you select this parameter, the parameters associated with the Noise tab are displayed.
Specify noise type — Noise representation
NF
(default) | noise-temperature
| noise-factor
Type of noise, specified as one of the following:
noise-temperature
— Noise temperatureNF
— Noise figurenoise-factor
— Noise factor
For more information, see Thermal Noise Simulations in Idealized Amplifier Block.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, select Include Noise.
Noise temperature (K) — Noise temperature to model noises in amplifier
290
(default) | nonnegative real number
Noise temperature to model noise in the amplifier, specified as a nonnegative real number in degrees (K).
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, select Include Noise and set
Specify noise type to
noise-temperature
.
Noise figure (dB) — Noise figure to model noise in amplifier
10 * log10( 2 )
(default) | nonnegative real number
Noise figure to model noise in the amplifier, specified as a nonnegative real number in dB.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, select Include Noise and set
Specify noise type to
NF
.
Noise factor — Noise factor to model noise in amplifier
2
(default) | positive integer scalar greater than or equal to 1
Noise factor to model noise in the amplifier, specified as a positive integer scalar greater than or equal to 1.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, select Include Noise and set
Specify noise type to
noise-factor
.
Seed source — Source of initial seed
auto
(default) | user
Source of initial seed used to prepare the Gaussian random number noise generator, specified as one of the following:
auto
- When Seed source is set toauto
, seeds for each amplifier instance are generated using a random number generator. The reset method of the instance has no effect.user
- When Seed source is set touser
, the value provided in the Seed is used to initialize the random number generator and the reset method resets the random number generator using the Seed property value.
Seed — Seed for random number generator
67987
(default) | nonnegative integer
Seed for the random number generator, specified as a nonnegative integer less than 232. Use this value to initialize the random number generator.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, click Include Noise check box
and choose user
in the Seed source
parameter.
References
[1] Razavi, Behzad. “Basic Concepts “ in RF Microelectronics, 2nd edition, Prentice Hall, 2012.
[2] Rapp, C., “Effects of HPA-Nonlinearity on a 4-DPSK/OFDM-Signal for a Digital Sound Broadcasting System.” Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Satellite Communications, Liege, Belgium, Oct. 22-24, 1991, pp. 179-184.
[3] Saleh, A.A.M., “Frequency-independent and frequency-dependent nonlinear models of TWT amplifiers.” IEEE Trans. Communications, vol. COM-29, pp.1715-1720, November 1981.
[4] IEEE 802.11-09/0296r16. “TGad Evaluation Methodology.“ Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.https://www.ieee.org/
[5] Kundert, Ken.“ Accurate and Rapid Measurement of IP2 and IP3,“ The Designer Guide Community, May 22, 2002.
Extended Capabilities
C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.
Version History
Introduced in R2020aR2024b: Parameters of Amplifier block from idealized baseband library have been renamed
The following parameter values in the Amplifier block in the idealized baseband library have been renamed:
Parameter | Values before R2024b | Values since R2024b |
---|---|---|
Model | Cubic polynomial | cubic |
AM/AM - AM/PM | ampm | |
Modified Rapp | modified-rapp | |
Saleh | saleh | |
Specify noise type | Noise figure | NF |
Noise temperature | noise-temperature | |
Noise factor | noise-factor | |
Seed source | Auto | auto |
User specified | user |
The following default values in the Amplifier block in the idealized baseband library have been changed:
Parameter | Default Values Before R2024b | Default Values Since R2024b |
---|---|---|
Type of Non-linearity | IIP3 | OIP3 |
Specify noise type | Noise temperature | NF |
When you open a model created before R2024b containing the Amplifier block, the software replaces the parameter names and values as shown in the table.
MATLAB 명령
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