Complex Burst Q-less QR Decomposition with Forgetting Factor Whole R Output
Q-less QR decomposition for complex-valued matrices with infinite number of rows
Since R2022b
Libraries:
Fixed-Point Designer HDL Support /
Matrices and Linear Algebra /
Matrix Factorizations
Description
The Complex Burst Q-less QR Decomposition with Forgetting Factor Whole R Output block uses QR decomposition to compute the economy size upper-triangular R factor of the QR decomposition, A = QR, without computing Q. A is an infinitely tall complex-valued matrix representing streaming data.
When the regularization parameter is nonzero, the Complex Burst Q-less QR Decomposition with Forgetting Factor Whole R Output block initializes the first upper-triangular factor R to λIn before factoring in the rows of A, where λ is the regularization parameter and In = eye(n)
Examples
Implement Hardware-Efficient Complex Burst Q-less QR with Forgetting Factor
Use the hardware-efficient Complex Burst Q-less QR Decomposition with Forgetting Factor Whole R Output block.
Ports
Input
A(i,:) — Rows of complex matrix A
vector
Rows of complex matrix A, specified as a vector. A is an infinitely tall matrix of streaming data. If A uses a fixed-point data type, A must be signed and use binary-point scaling. Slope-bias representation is not supported for fixed-point data types.
Data Types: single
| double
| fixed point
validIn — Whether inputs are valid
Boolean
scalar
Whether inputs are valid, specified as a Boolean scalar. This control signal
indicates when the data from the A(i,:)
input port is valid. When
this value is 1 (true
) and the value of ready
is
1 (true
), the block captures the values at the
A(i,:)
input port. When this value is 0
(false
), the block ignores the input samples.
After sending a true
validIn
signal, there may be some delay before
ready
is set to false
. To ensure all data is
processed, you must wait until ready
is set to
false
before sending another true
validIn
signal.
Data Types: Boolean
restart — Whether to clear internal states
Boolean
scalar
Whether to clear internal states, specified as a Boolean scalar. When this value
is 1 (true
), the block stops the current calculation and clears all
internal states. When this value is 0 (false
) and the value at
validIn
is 1 (true
), the block begins a new
subframe.
Data Types: Boolean
Output
R — Economy size QR decomposition matrix R
vector
Economy size QR decomposition matrix R, returned as a vector.
R is an upper triangular matrix. The size of matrix
R is n
-by-n
.
R has the same data type as A.
Data Types: single
| double
| fixed point
validOut — Whether output data is valid
Boolean
scalar
Whether the output data is valid, specified as a Boolean scalar. This control
signal indicates when the data at output port R(i,:)
is valid. When
this value is 1 (true
), the block has successfully computed the
matrix R. When this value is 0 (false
), the
output data is not valid.
Data Types: Boolean
ready — Whether block is ready
Boolean
scalar
Whether the block is ready, returned as a Boolean scalar. This control signal
indicates when the block is ready for new input data. When this value is
1
(true
) and validIn
is
1
(true
), the block accepts input data in the
next time step. When this value is 0
(false
),
the block ignores input data in the next time step.
After sending a true
validIn
signal, there may be some delay before
ready
is set to false
. To ensure all data is
processed, you must wait until ready
is set to
false
before sending another true
validIn
signal.
Data Types: Boolean
Parameters
Number of columns in matrix A — Number of columns in input matrix A
4
(default) | positive integer-valued scalar
Number of columns in input matrix A, specified as a positive integer-valued scalar.
Programmatic Use
Block Parameter:
n |
Type: character vector |
Values: positive integer-valued scalar |
Default:
4 |
Forgetting factor — Forgetting factor applied after each row of the matrix is factored
0.99
(default) | real positive scalar
Forgetting factor applied after each row of the matrix is factored, specified as a real positive scalar. The output is updated as each row of A is input indefinitely.
Programmatic Use
Block Parameter:
forgetting_factor |
Type: character vector |
Values: real positive scalar |
Default:
0 |
Regularization parameter — Regularization parameter
0
(default) | real nonnegative scalar
Regularization parameter, specified as a real nonnegative scalar. Small, positive values of the regularization parameter can improve the conditioning of the problem and reduce the variance of the estimates. While biased, the reduced variance of the estimate often results in a smaller mean squared error when compared to least-squares estimates.
Programmatic Use
Block Parameter:
regularizationParameter |
Type: character vector |
Values: real nonnegative scalar |
Default:
0 |
Algorithms
Choosing the Implementation Method
Systolic implementations prioritize speed of computations over space constraints, while burst implementations prioritize space constraints at the expense of speed of the operations. The following table illustrates the tradeoffs between the implementations available for matrix decompositions and solving systems of linear equations.
Implementation | Throughput | Latency | Area |
---|---|---|---|
Systolic | C | O(n) | O(mn2) |
Partial-Systolic | C | O(m) | O(n2) |
Partial-Systolic with Forgetting Factor | C | O(n) | O(n2) |
Burst | O(n) | O(mn) | O(n) |
Where C is a constant proportional to the word length of the data, m is the number of rows in matrix A, and n is the number of columns in matrix A.
For additional considerations in selecting a block for your application, see Choose a Block for HDL-Optimized Fixed-Point Matrix Operations.
AMBA AXI Handshake Process
This block uses the AMBA AXI handshake protocol [1]. The valid/ready
handshake process is used to transfer data and control information. This two-way control mechanism allows both the manager and subordinate to control the rate at which information moves between manager and subordinate. A valid
signal indicates when data is available. The ready
signal indicates that the block can accept the data. Transfer of data occurs only when both the valid
and ready
signals are high.
Block Timing
The Burst Q-less QR Decomposition with Forgetting Factor Whole R Output blocks accept and process the matrix A row by row. After accepting the first m rows, the block starts to output the R matrix as a vector. Then, for each row input, the block calculates an R matrix.
For example, assume that the input A matrix is 3-by-3. Additionally
assume that validIn
asserts before ready
, meaning that
the upstream data source is faster than the QR decomposition.
In the figure,
A1r1
is the first row of the first A matrix,R1
is the first R matrix, and so on.validIn
toready
— From a successful row input to the block being ready to accept the next row.validIn
tovalidOut
— From a successful row input to the block starting to output the corresponding solution.validOut
toready
— From the block starting to output the solution to the block ready to accept the next matrix input.
The following table provides details of the timing for the Burst Q-less QR Decomposition with Forgetting Factor Whole R Output blocks.
Block | validIn to ready (cycles) | validIn to validOut
(cycles) | validOut to ready (cycles) |
---|---|---|---|
Real Burst Q-less QR Decomposition with Forgetting Factor Whole R Output | (wl + 5)*n + 2 + n | (wl + 5)*n + 2 + n - 1 | 1 |
Complex Burst Q-less QR Decomposition with Forgetting Factor Whole R Output | (wl*2 + 11)*n + 2 + n | (wl*2 + 11)*n + 2 + n - 1 | 1 |
In the table, m represents the number of rows in matrix A, and n is the number of columns in matrix A. wl represents the word length of A.
If the data type of A is fixed point, then wl is the word length.
If the data type of A is double, then wl is 53.
If the data type of A is single, then wl is 24.
Hardware Resource Utilization
This block supports HDL code generation using the Simulink® HDL Workflow Advisor. For an example, see HDL Code Generation and FPGA Synthesis from Simulink Model (HDL Coder) and Implement Digital Downconverter for FPGA (DSP HDL Toolbox).
This example data was generated by synthesizing the block on a Xilinx® Zynq® UltraScale™ + RFSoC ZCU111 evaluation board. The synthesis tool was Vivado® v.2020.2 (win64).
The following parameters were used for synthesis.
Block parameters:
n = 16
Matrix A dimension: inf-by-16
Input data type:
sfix16_En14
Target frequency: 300 MHz
The following tables show the post place-and-route resource utilization results and timing summary, respectively.
Resource | Usage | Available | Utilization (%) |
---|---|---|---|
CLB LUTs | 21142 | 425280 | 4.97 |
CLB Registers | 21158 | 850560 | 2.49 |
DSPs | 32 | 4272 | 0.75 |
Block RAM Tile | 0 | 1080 | 0.00 |
URAM | 0 | 80 | 0.00 |
Value | |
---|---|
Requirement | 3.3333 ns |
Data Path Delay | 3.051 ns |
Slack | 0.264 ns |
Clock Frequency | 325.80 MHz |
References
[1] "AMBA AXI and ACE Protocol Specification Version E." https://developer.arm.com/documentation/ihi0022/e/AMBA-AXI3-and-AXI4-Protocol-Specification/Single-Interface-Requirements/Basic-read-and-write-transactions/Handshake-process
Extended Capabilities
C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.
Slope-bias representation is not supported for fixed-point data types.
HDL Code Generation
Generate VHDL, Verilog and SystemVerilog code for FPGA and ASIC designs using HDL Coder™.
HDL Coder™ provides additional configuration options that affect HDL implementation and synthesized logic.
This block has one default HDL architecture.
General | |
---|---|
ConstrainedOutputPipeline | Number of registers to place at
the outputs by moving existing delays within your design. Distributed
pipelining does not redistribute these registers. The default is
|
InputPipeline | Number of input pipeline stages
to insert in the generated code. Distributed pipelining and constrained
output pipelining can move these registers. The default is
|
OutputPipeline | Number of output pipeline stages
to insert in the generated code. Distributed pipelining and constrained
output pipelining can move these registers. The default is
|
Supports fixed-point data types only.
Fixed-Point Conversion
Design and simulate fixed-point systems using Fixed-Point Designer™.
Version History
Introduced in R2022b
MATLAB 명령
다음 MATLAB 명령에 해당하는 링크를 클릭했습니다.
명령을 실행하려면 MATLAB 명령 창에 입력하십시오. 웹 브라우저는 MATLAB 명령을 지원하지 않습니다.
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