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bessely

Bessel function of the second kind for symbolic expressions

Description

example

bessely(nu,z) returns the Bessel function of the second kind, Yν(z).

Examples

Find Bessel Function of Second Kind

Compute the Bessel functions of the second kind for these numbers. Because these numbers are not symbolic objects, you get floating-point results.

[bessely(0, 5), bessely(-1, 2), bessely(1/3, 7/4), bessely(1, 3/2 + 2*i)]
ans =
  -0.3085 + 0.0000i   0.1070 + 0.0000i   0.2358 + 0.0000i  -0.4706 + 1.5873i

Compute the Bessel functions of the second kind for the numbers converted to symbolic objects. For most symbolic (exact) numbers, bessely returns unresolved symbolic calls.

[bessely(sym(0), 5), bessely(sym(-1), 2),...
 bessely(1/3, sym(7/4)), bessely(sym(1), 3/2 + 2*i)]
ans =
[ bessely(0, 5), -bessely(1, 2), bessely(1/3, 7/4), bessely(1, 3/2 + 2i)]

For symbolic variables and expressions, bessely also returns unresolved symbolic calls:

syms x y
[bessely(x, y), bessely(1, x^2), bessely(2, x - y), bessely(x^2, x*y)]
ans =
[ bessely(x, y), bessely(1, x^2), bessely(2, x - y), bessely(x^2, x*y)]

Solve Bessel Differential Equation for Bessel Functions

Solve this second-order differential equation. The solutions are the Bessel functions of the first and the second kind.

syms nu w(z)
dsolve(z^2*diff(w, 2) + z*diff(w) +(z^2 - nu^2)*w == 0)
ans =
C2*besselj(nu, z) + C3*bessely(nu, z)

Verify that the Bessel function of the second kind is a valid solution of the Bessel differential equation:

syms nu z
isAlways(z^2*diff(bessely(nu, z), z, 2) + z*diff(bessely(nu, z), z)...
 + (z^2 - nu^2)*bessely(nu, z) == 0)
ans =
  logical
   1

Special Values of Bessel Function of Second Kind

If the first parameter is an odd integer multiplied by 1/2, bessely rewrites the Bessel functions in terms of elementary functions:

syms x
bessely(1/2, x)
ans =
-(2^(1/2)*cos(x))/(x^(1/2)*pi^(1/2))
bessely(-1/2, x)
ans =
(2^(1/2)*sin(x))/(x^(1/2)*pi^(1/2))
bessely(-3/2, x)
ans =
(2^(1/2)*(cos(x) - sin(x)/x))/(x^(1/2)*pi^(1/2))
bessely(5/2, x)
ans =
-(2^(1/2)*((3*sin(x))/x + cos(x)*(3/x^2 - 1)))/(x^(1/2)*pi^(1/2))

Differentiate Bessel Functions of Second Kind

Differentiate the expressions involving the Bessel functions of the second kind:

syms x y
diff(bessely(1, x))
diff(diff(bessely(0, x^2 + x*y -y^2), x), y)
ans =
bessely(0, x) - bessely(1, x)/x
 
ans =
- bessely(1, x^2 + x*y - y^2) -...
(2*x + y)*(bessely(0, x^2 + x*y - y^2)*(x - 2*y) -...
(bessely(1, x^2 + x*y - y^2)*(x - 2*y))/(x^2 + x*y - y^2))

Find Bessel Function for Matrix Input

Call bessely for the matrix A and the value 1/2. The result is a matrix of the Bessel functions bessely(1/2, A(i,j)).

syms x
A = [-1, pi; x, 0];
bessely(1/2, A)
ans =
[         (2^(1/2)*cos(1)*1i)/pi^(1/2), 2^(1/2)/pi]
[ -(2^(1/2)*cos(x))/(x^(1/2)*pi^(1/2)),        Inf]

Plot Bessel Functions of Second Kind

Plot the Bessel functions of the second kind for v=0,1,2,3.

syms x y
fplot(bessely(0:3,x))
axis([0 10 -1 0.6])
grid on

ylabel('Y_v(x)')
legend('Y_0','Y_1','Y_2','Y_3', 'Location','Best')
title('Bessel functions of the second kind')

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with title Bessel functions of the second kind, ylabel Y indexOf v(x) baseline contains 4 objects of type functionline. These objects represent Y_0, Y_1, Y_2, Y_3.

Input Arguments

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Input, specified as a number, vector, matrix, or array, or a symbolic number, variable, array, function, or expression.

If nu is a vector or matrix, bessely returns the Bessel function of the second kind for each element of nu.

Input, specified as a number, vector, matrix, or array, or a symbolic number, variable, array, function, or expression.

If z is a vector or matrix, bessely returns the Bessel function of the second kind for each element of z.

More About

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Bessel Function of the Second Kind

The Bessel differential equation

z2d2wdz2+zdwdz+(z2ν2)w=0

has two linearly independent solutions. These solutions are represented by the Bessel functions of the first kind, Jν(z), and the Bessel functions of the second kind, Yν(z):

w(z)=C1Jν(z)+C2Yν(z)

The Bessel functions of the second kind are defined via the Bessel functions of the first kind:

Yν(z)=Jν(z)cos(νπ)Jν(z)sin(νπ)

Here Jν(z) are the Bessel function of the first kind:

Jν(z)=(z/2)νπΓ(ν+1/2)0πcos(zcos(t))sin(t)2νdt

Tips

  • Calling bessely for a number that is not a symbolic object invokes the MATLAB® bessely function.

    At least one input argument must be a scalar or both arguments must be vectors or matrices of the same size. If one input argument is a scalar and the other one is a vector or a matrix, bessely(nu,z) expands the scalar into a vector or matrix of the same size as the other argument with all elements equal to that scalar.

References

[1] Olver, F. W. J. “Bessel Functions of Integer Order.” Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables. (M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds.). New York: Dover, 1972.

[2] Antosiewicz, H. A. “Bessel Functions of Fractional Order.” Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables. (M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds.). New York: Dover, 1972.

Version History

Introduced in R2014a