Permanent Magnet

Permanent magnet that passively generates magnetic field

Since R2023b

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Libraries:
Simscape / Foundation Library / Magnetic / Magnetic Elements

Description

The Permanent Magnet block models a component that passively generates a magnetic field. Use this block to model a magnet that does not magnetize or demagnetize. The magnetic field of the permanent magnet has a magnetic flux density that increases linearly with an increase in the strength of the external magnetic field.

The Permanent Magnet block is equivalent to a Flux Source block and a Reluctance block in parallel or an MMF Source block and a Reluctance block in series. To parameterize the magnet from manufacturer specifications of remanent flux density, magnetic permeability, or coercivity, use the Permanent Magnet block.

Equations

When you subject the Permanent Magnet block to an external magnetic field, the block approximates the flux density B of the resultant magnetic field using one of these linear relationships:

$$B=B_{\text{r}}+{\mu }_{\text{m}}{\mu }_{0}H$$

$$B=\frac{B_{\text{r}}}{H_{\text{c}}}(H_{\text{c}}+H)$$

$$B={\mu }_{\text{m}}{\mu }_0(H_{\text{c}}+H)$$

where:

• B_r is the Remanent flux density of magnet parameter.

• μ_m is the Relative magnetic permeability of material parameter.

• μ₀ is the magnetic permeability in a vacuum.

• H is the strength of the external magnetic field.

• H_c is the Coercivity of magnet parameter.

Specify which parameters the block uses to define the linear equation using the Remanent field parametrization parameter.

The linear relationship is valid only when the magnet does not magnetize or demagnetize. The block operates in the second quadrant of the B-H curve:

• B ≥ 0

• H ≤ 0

The magnetic flux φ flowing through the magnet is defined as:

φ = AB,

where A is the Cross-sectional area parameter.

The magnetomotive force (mmf) across the block is defined as:

MMF = Hl,

where l is the Length of magnet parameter.

The mmf across the block is defined as:

MMF = MMF(N) - MMF(S),

where N and S are the north and south terminals of the permanent magnet, respectively. The flux is positive when the flux flows through the device from the north to the south terminal.

Variables

To set the priority and initial target values for the block variables prior to simulation, use the Initial Targets section in the block dialog box or Property Inspector. For more information, see Set Priority and Initial Target for Block Variables.

Nominal values provide a way to specify the expected magnitude of a variable in a model. Using system scaling based on nominal values increases the simulation robustness. Nominal values can come from different sources, one of which is the Nominal Values section in the block dialog box or Property Inspector. For more information, see Modify Nominal Values for a Block Variable.

Examples

Permanent Magnet Attached to Iron Wall

Model the forces acting on a magnet that is attached to an iron wall. You can define the interaction between the magnetic and translational motion domains using a Permanent Magnet block and a Reluctance Force Actuator block.

Open Model

Model Oscillation Sensor Using Permanent Magnet Block

Model an oscillation sensor using the Permanent Magnet block. The sensor consists of a magnetic core with a permanent magnet that generates a magnetic field, a ferromagnetic plate attached to the core, and a conducting winding around the core.

Open Model

Ports

Conserving

N — North terminal

magnetic

Magnetic conserving port associated with the north terminal.

S — South terminal

magnetic

Magnetic conserving port associated with the south terminal.

Parameters

Cross-sectional area — Cross-sectional area of magnet

25 mm^2 (default) | positive scalar

Cross-sectional area of the magnet.

Length of magnet — Length of magnet

0.02 m (default) | positive scalar

Length of the magnet.

Remanent field parameterization — Method of remanent field parameterization

Remanent flux density and relative permeability (default) | Remanent flux density and coercivity | Relative permeability and coercivity

Method for parameterizing the linear B-H relationship.

Relative magnetic permeability of material — Relative magnetic permeability

1.05 (default) | positive scalar

Relative magnetic permeability of the material.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Remanent field parameterization to Remanent flux density and relative permeability or Relative permeability and coercivity.

Remanent flux density of magnet — Remanent flux density

1.2 T (default) | positive scalar

Flux density of the magnet after you remove the external magnetic field.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Remanent field parameterization to Remanent flux density and relative permeability or Remanent flux density and coercivity.

Coercivity of magnet — Coercivity of magnet

1.2 / 1.05 / (4*pi*1e-7) A/m (default) | positive scalar

Coercivity of the magnet.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Remanent field parameterization to Remanent flux density and coercivity or Relative permeability and coercivity.

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.

Version History

Introduced in R2023b