print

Print figure or save to specific file format

Syntax

print(filename,formattype)

print(filename,formattype,formatoptions)

print

print(printer)

print(driver)

print(printer,driver)

print('-clipboard',clipboardformat)

print(resize,___)

print(resolution,___)

print(renderer,___)

print(fig,___)

cdata = print('-RGBImage');

Description

print(filename,formattype) saves the current figure to a file using the specified file format, such as print('BarPlot','-dpng'). If the file name does not include an extension, then print appends the appropriate one.

print(filename,formattype,formatoptions) specifies additional options that are available for some formats.

print prints the current figure to the default printer.

print(printer) specifies the printer. Specify the printer as a character vector or string containing the printer name preceded by -P, for example, '-Pmy printer'. The printer must be set up on your system.

print(driver) specifies the driver. Use this option if you want to ensure that the printed output is either black and white or color.

print(printer,driver) specifies the printer and the driver.

print('-clipboard',clipboardformat) copies the current figure to the clipboard using the format specified by clipboardformat. You can paste the copied figure into other applications.

print(resize,___) maximizes the figure size to fill the page. Specify resize as '-bestfit' to preserve the figure's aspect ratio or '-fillpage' to ignore the aspect ratio. These options are valid only when saving to a page format (PDF, and PS) or printing to a printer. Use this option with any of the input arguments from the previous syntaxes.

print(resolution,___) uses the specified resolution. Specify the resolution as a character vector or string containing an integer value preceded by -r, for example, '-r200'. Use this option with any of the input arguments from the previous syntaxes.

print(renderer,___) uses the specified renderer. Specify the renderer as either '-vector' or '-image'.

print(fig,___) saves or prints the figure or Simulink^® block diagram specified by fig.

cdata = print('-RGBImage'); returns the RGB image data for the current figure. This option differs from screen captures in that all printing features apply to the output. You can also specify the resolution, renderer, and fig options with this syntax. However, you cannot specify a Simulink block diagram.

Examples

Print Paper Copy of Figure

Create a bar chart and print it to your system default printer. If you do not specify the figure to print, then print uses the current figure.

bar(1:10)
print

Copy Figure to Clipboard

Create a plot and copy it to the system clipboard.

plot(1:10)
print('-clipboard','-dmeta')

You can paste the copied plot into other applications.

Save Figure as Image File

Create a plot and save it as a PNG image file.

bar(1:10)
print('BarPlot','-dpng')

print saves the plot as BarPlot.png.

Save Figure as Vector Graphics File

Create a plot and save it as an Encapsulated PostScript^® file.

bar(1:10)
print('BarPlot','-depsc')

print saves the plot as BarPlot.eps.

Add TIFF Preview to EPS File

Save the current figure as an Encapsulated PostScript File and add a TIFF preview.

surf(peaks)
print('SurfacePlot','-depsc','-tiff')

Specify Figure to Save

Save a specific figure by passing its object variable to print.

fig = figure;
plot(1:10)
print(fig,'MySavedPlot','-dpng')

Alternatively, refer to a figure using the value of its Number property, which is the integer value that displays in the figure window title bar. For example, save the figure with Figure 2 displayed in the title bar. Precede the integer value by -f.

figure(2);
plot(1:10)
print('-f2','MySavedPlot','-dpng')

Save Figure at Screen Size and Resolution

Save a surface plot to a PNG file. Set the PaperPositionMode property for the figure to 'auto' so that it saves at the size displayed on the screen. Use '-r0' to save it with screen resolution.

surf(peaks)
set(gcf,'PaperPositionMode','auto')
print('PeaksSurface','-dpng','-r0')

Save Figure that Fills Page

Save a figure that fills the page using the '-fillpage' option.

bar([1 10 7 8 2 2 9 3 6])
print('FillPageFigure','-dpdf','-fillpage')

Return RGB Image Data for Figure

Return the RGB image data for a figure.

surf(peaks)
cdata = print('-RGBImage');

Display the image data at full resolution using imshow.

imshow(cdata)

Create High Resolution Movie Frame

Create a surface plot. Return the RGB image data for the figure and specify the image resolution. Then, convert the image data to a movie frame, F.

surf(peaks)
cdata = print('-RGBImage','-r120');
F = im2frame(cdata);

Input Arguments

filename — File name

character vector | string

File name, specified as a character vector or string containing the desired file name and path.

Example: 'My Saved Chart'

Example: 'Folder\My Saved Chart'

Example: "My Saved Chart"

The maximum file name length, including the path, is operating system and file format specific. Typically, the file name should be no more than 126 characters, or if you include the path, then no more than 128 characters.

Data Types: char | string

formattype — File format

'-djpeg' | '-dpng' | '-dtiff' | '-dpdf' | '-deps' | ...

File format, specified as one of the options in these tables.

Image File

An image file contains a pixel-based representation of figure. The size of the generated file depends on the figure, the format, and your system resolution. Images are widely used by web browsers and other applications that display graphics. However, they do not support transparency or scale well and you cannot modify individual graphics objects, such as lines and text, in other graphics applications.

This table lists the supported image formats.

Option	Image Format	Corresponding File Extension
'-djpeg'	JPEG 24-bit	.jpg
'-dpng'	PNG 24-bit	.png
'-dtiff'	TIFF 24-bit (compressed)	.tif
'-dtiffn'	TIFF 24-bit (not compressed)	.tif
'-dmeta'	Enhanced metafile (Windows only)	.emf

Vector Graphics File

Vector graphics files store commands that redraw the figure. This type of format scales well, but can result in a large file. In some cases, vector graphics might contain stray lines or other visual artifacts. Some applications support extensive editing of vector graphics formats. However, some applications do not support editing beyond resizing the graphic. In general, try to make all the necessary changes while your figure is still in MATLAB^®.

If you set the Renderer property for the figure, then print uses that renderer when generating output. Otherwise, print chooses the appropriate renderer. Typically, print generates vector graphics files that scale well when resized. For some complex figures, the files might contain embedded images instead. These images don't scale well, and the extent to which you can edit them in other applications is limited. To ensure that print uses the vector graphics renderer, specify '-vector' as an input argument to the print function.

If you want output that has transparency, then create a vector graphics file using a Metafile, PDF, or SVG format. If you use an EPS format, then transparency is only supported for the figure and axes backgrounds. Image files do not support transparency, but will closely match what is shown on screen to give the appearance of transparency.

Note

The default figure renderer is OpenGL^®. If the figure renderer differs from the renderer used when generating output, some details of the saved figure can differ from the figure on the display. If necessary, you can make the displayed figure and the saved figure use the same renderer. Set the Renderer property for the figure or specify the renderer input argument to the print function.

This table lists the supported vector graphics formats.

Option	Vector Graphics Format	Corresponding File Extension
'-dpdf'	Full page Portable Document Format (PDF) color	.pdf
'-deps'	Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) Level 3 black and white	.eps
'-depsc'	Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) Level 3 color	.eps
'-deps2'	Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) Level 2 black and white	.eps
'-depsc2'	Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) Level 2 color	.eps
'-dmeta'	Enhanced Metafile (Windows® only)	.emf
'-dsvg'	SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)	.svg

You cannot save Simulink block diagrams as EPS files.

Note

Only the PDF format uses the first two elements of the PaperPosition property. Other formats ignore these values.

formatoptions — Additional formatting options

'-tiff' | '-loose' | '-cmyk' | '-append'

Additional formatting options supported by some file formats, specified as one or more of these values:

• '-tiff' — Include a TIFF preview. EPS files only.

• '-loose' — Use a loose bounding box. EPS and PS files only.

• '-cmyk' — Use CMYK colors instead of RGB colors. EPS and PS files only.

• '-append' — Append the figure to an existing PS file. PS files only.

Example: print('my file','-deps','-tiff','-loose') saves the current figure to the file my file.eps using a loose bounding box and includes a TIFF preview.

printer — Printer name

character vector | string

Printer name, specified as a character vector or string containing -P and the printer name.

Example: '-Pmy local printer'

Example: "-Pmy local printer"

To view a list of available printers, use this command:

[~,printers] = findprinters

If you do not specify a printer, then print uses the system default printer. If you want to set up a new printer or select a different default printer, use the operating system printer management utilities. Restart MATLAB if you do not see a printer that is set up already.

Data Types: char | string

driver — Printer driver

'-dwin' | '-dwinc' | '-dprn' | '-dprnc'

Printer driver, specified as '-dwin', '-dwinc', '-dprn', or '-dprnc'. If you do not specify a driver, then print uses the default driver for your operating system.

The option you use depends on your system, for example:

System	Driver	Output
Windows	'-dwin'	Black and white
	'-dwinc'	Color
Linux® or Mac	'-dprn'	Black and white
	'-dprnc'	Color

clipboardformat — Format copied to clipboard

-dmeta | -dbitmap | -dpdf

Format copied to clipboard, specified as one of these options:

• '-dmeta' — Enhanced metafile (Windows only)

• '-dbitmap' — Image file (Windows and macOS)

• '-dpdf' — PDF file (Windows and macOS)

resize — Option to expand figure to fill page

'-fillpage' | '-bestfit'

Option to expand figure to fill page, specified as one of these values:

• '-fillpage' — Maximize the size of the figure to fill the page. Leave a .25 inch margin on all sides of the page. The tick marks, layout, and aspect ratio of the figure might change.

• '-bestfit' — Maximize the size of the figure to fill the page, but preserve the aspect ratio of the figure. The figure might not fill the entire page. This option leaves a minimum page margin of .25 inches.

Both options are valid only when printing a figure to a printer or saving to a page format such as PDF and PS. They are not valid for Simulink block diagrams.

resolution — Resolution

character vector | string

Resolution, specified as a character vector or a string containing -r and an integer value indicating the resolution in dots per inch. For example, '-r300' sets the output resolution to 300 dots per inch. To specify screen resolution, use '-r0'.

In general, using a higher resolution value yields higher-quality output, but at the cost of higher memory use and larger output files. The higher the resolution setting, the longer it takes to render your figure.

Specifying the resolution is useful when creating an image or when using the OpenGL renderer with a vector graphics file format (since OpenGL produces an image even with vector formats). Specifying the resolution has no effect when using the Painters renderer with a vector graphics file format, since Painters produces a true vector graphics file that contains the commands that redraw the figure.

Note

Simulink printing does not support the resolution option. For higher quality output of Simulink models, use a vector format such as SVG or PDF.

Data Types: char | string

renderer — Graphics renderer

'-image' | '-vector'

Graphics renderer, specified as '-image' or '-vector'.

• '-image' — OpenGL renderer. Use this renderer when saving images. OpenGL produces an image even with vector formats, which might limit the extent to which you can edit the image in other applications.

• '-vector' — Creates vector graphics output. Use this renderer when saving vector graphics files. If you save to a vector graphics file and if the figure RendererMode property is set to 'auto', then print automatically attempts to create vector graphics. If you want to ensure that your output format is a true vector graphics file, then specify the '-vector' option. For example:

  print('-vector','-deps','myVectorFile')

Note

If you save a file with the '-vector' option, you might encounter one or more of the following issues:

• Longer rendering times

• Incorrect arrangement of graphics objects in 3-D views

• Stray lines

• Lines that disappear if they are thinner than one pixel

If you do not specify the renderer, then print automatically uses the appropriate renderer to produce the output format requested. However, if you set the Renderer property for the figure, then print uses that renderer when generating output.

fig — Figure, Simulink block diagram

figure object | Simulink block diagram

Figure object or Simulink block diagram. You can refer to a figure using either its object variable name or using the figure number preceded by -f. For example, -f2 refers to the figure with a Number property value of 2. When specifying a Simulink block diagram, precede the model name with -s. Specify the current model using '-s'.

You cannot save Simulink block diagrams as EPS files.

Output Arguments

cdata — Image data

n-by-m-by-3 array

Image data, returned as an n-by-m-by-3 array. The size of the image data array depends on the PaperPosition property of the figure and the output resolution.

Note

Starting in R2015b, if you use print with the '-r0' option on a high-resolution system, then the size of the cdata output array is larger than in previous releases or on other systems. Also, the number of elements in cdata might not match the size of the figure in pixels based on the figure’s PaperPosition property and the root’s ScreenPixelsPerInch property. For more information, see DPI-Aware Behavior in MATLAB.

Limitations

• Starting MATLAB in no display mode on Linux or using the -noFigureWindows startup option on any platform has these limitations for print:

  • Printing or saving figures with visible uicontrols errors.

  • Always uses the painters renderer, even if you specify the '-image' option.

• In MATLAB Online™, print only prints to PDF. For additional file format options, save the figure to a file by specifying a filename.

• When MATLAB is in no display mode, all Simulink printing functionality, including printing to a file, is turned off.

More About

Current Figure

The current figure is typically the last figure that you create or click with the mouse. User interaction can change the current figure.

To print a specific figure, specify the figure as the first input argument. If you do not specify a figure, then the print function acts on the figure returned by gcbf. If gcbf returns empty, then print acts on the figure returned by gcf.

Tips

• You can set properties of the figure to control some printing and saving parameters. This table lists properties of the figure related to printing and saving.

  Figure Property	Description
  PaperPosition	Size of the printed or saved figure. If printing to a printer or a full-page output format, then this property also determines the figure location on the page.
  PaperPositionMode	Specifies whether to use the PaperPosition property or the size of the figure on the screen to set the size of the printed or saved figure.
  InvertHardcopy	Specifies whether to use the current background color of the figure or to change the background color to white when printing or saving the figure.
  PaperOrientation	Figure orientation on printed page.
  PaperType	Standard printer paper size.
  PaperSize	Custom width and height of printer paper.
  PaperUnits	Units for the PaperSize and PaperPosition properties.

• If you are using a Linux or Mac system and get an error about an invalid or unrecognized printer, save the contents of the figure as a PDF file. For example:

  print('MyPlot.pdf','-dpdf')

  Then print the PDF file using an external PDF viewer.

• If you print a figure that has a callback defined for the SizeChangedFcn property and if the output size differs from the size of the figure on the screen, then the print function displays a warning message. To avoid the warning message, set the PaperPositionMode property for the figure to 'auto'.

Alternative Functionality

The exportgraphics function saves the contents of any axes, figure, chart that can be a child of a figure, tiled chart layout, or container such as a panel. (since R2020a)

exportgraphics is a better alternative to the print function when you want to:

• Save graphics displayed in an app or in MATLAB Online

• Minimize the white space around the content

• Save a PDF fragment with embeddable fonts

• Save a multipage PDF (since R2021b)

• Save a subset of the content in the figure

• Control the background color without having to modify properties on the figure

The copygraphics function provides much of the same functionality as the exportgraphics function, except that it copies the content to your system clipboard instead of saving it to a file. Use this function to copy and paste content from MATLAB into other applications. (since R2020a)

Version History

Introduced before R2006a

R2023b: UI components will not be supported in a future release

In a future release, the print function will no longer support printing or exporting UI components. All UI components will be excluded regardless of whether you specify the '-noui' option when calling print.

To export a figure containing UI components, call the exportapp function. For example, create a simple app containing two buttons and a slider. Export the contents of the figure as a PDF file by calling the exportapp function.

% Create figure with three UI components
f = uifigure;
button1 = uibutton(f,"Position",[150 300 100 50]);
button2 = uibutton(f,"Position",[300 300 100 50]);
slider1 = uislider(f,"Position",[150 250 250 3]);

% Export the contents of the figure
exportapp(f,"myapp.pdf")

Alternatively, call the getframe function to capture the contents of the figure. Then call the imwrite function to save the content. This time, save the content as a JPEG file.

F = getframe(f);
imwrite(F.cdata,"myapp.jpg");

This change was announced in R2022b. In R2023b, the print function issues a warning when you export a figure containing UI components.

R2023b: PostScript (.ps) files will not be supported in a future release

In a future release, the print function will no longer support creating full-page PostScript (.ps) files. To export vector graphics files, use one of these methods:

Call the exportgraphics function. Specify an .eps, .pdf, or .emf file extension and set the ContentType option to "vector". This function captures content that is tightly cropped around plots, and it does not create full-page output. For example, create a plot and save the contents of the current figure as a PDF file containing vector graphics.

plot([0 3 2 4 1]);
exportgraphics(gcf,"myplot.pdf","ContentType","vector")

Alternatively, call the print function and specify an .eps, .emf, or .svg file extension. For example, create a plot and save the contents of the current figure as an EPS file.

plot([0 3 2 4 1]);
print("myplot.eps","-depsc")

For the PostScript options supported in earlier releases, see print (R2022a) (R2022a).

This change was announced in R2022b. In R2023b, the print function issues a warning when you export a figure to a PostScript file.

R2023b: BMP, HDF, PBM, PCX, PGM, and PPM files will not be supported in a future release

The BMP, HDF, PBM, PCX, PGM, and PPM file formats will no longer be supported in a future release.

To export graphics using one of these formats, use the imwrite function instead. For example, create a line plot, and capture the contents of the current figure using the getframe function. Then save the content as a BMP file.

plot([0 3 2 4 1]);
F = getframe(gcf);
imwrite(F.cdata,"myplot.bmp");

For the file format options supported in earlier releases, see print (R2022a) (R2022a).

This change was announced in R2022b. In R2023b, the print function issues a warning when you export a figure to one of these file formats.

R2021b: The print options, -opengl and -painters, are not recommended

The following print options are no longer recommended. There are no plans to remove the values, and they will continue to behave the same way as in previous releases. The following table lists the recommended replacement options.

Not Recommended	Replacement Option
The -opengl renderer option. For example: print('-opengl','-dpdf','myfigure.pdf')	Use the -image option. For example: print('-image','-dpdf','myfigure.pdf')
The -painters renderer option. For example: print('-painters','-dpdf','myfigure.pdf')	Use the -vector option. For example: print('-vector','-dpdf','myfigure.pdf')

R2016a: Printed and Saved Figures Match On-Screen Size

Printed and saved figures match the size of the figure on the screen by default. Previously, printed and saved figures were 8-by-6 inches by default.