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Partial Pressure of Water Vapor from Relative Humidity
Buck (1996, 1981) published the following constants for the saturation pressure of water*: 6.1121 (mb) The saturation pressur...

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Pressure for a given Above Sea Level Altitude
For altitudes up to the stratosphere (around 11 km above mean sea level), the air pressure can be estimated from: with where...

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Air Density from Temperature and Pressure
The density of air can be estimated from the product of molar mass and molar density: Write a function that finds the densi...

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Molar Air Density from Temperature and Pressure
The molar density of air can be found from the Temperature and Pressure using the ideal gas law. where the Molar density STP ...

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Air Mass to Star for an Observer at Mean Sea Level
Air mass is a measure of how much atmosphere light from a source above the atmosphere (eg sun, planet, star) has to travel throu...

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Predict Cricket Stridulation Rate from Air Temperature
Stridulation is the process that creates a cricket's “chirp” by rubbing their wings or legs. According to the Old Farmer's Alma...

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Find Air Temperature from Cricket Stridulation Rate
Stridulation is the process that creates a cricket's “chirp” by rubbing their wings or legs. According to the Old Farmer's Alma...

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Numerical Integration
Input * |x0|, a real number greater than 0 Output * |I|, a numerical estimate of the integral x0 / I...

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Make a Plot with Functions
Make a plot and test

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Monte-Carlo integration
Write a function that estimates a d-dimensional integral to at least 1% relative precision. Inputs: * d: positive integer....

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Fibonacci sequence
Calculate the nth Fibonacci number. Given n, return f where f = fib(n) and f(1) = 1, f(2) = 1, f(3) = 2, ... Examples: Input...

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The Birthday Phenomenon
First off, leap years are not being considered for this. In fact the year that people are born shouldn't be taken into considera...

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Throwing Dice - Will You Be Eaten By The Dragon?
You and a dragon have agreed to let dice rolls determine whether it eats you or not. The dragon will roll a single die, of x si...

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Chess probability
The difference in the ratings between two players serves as a predictor of the outcome of a match (the <http://en.wikipedia.org/...

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Solve a System of Linear Equations
Example: If a system of linear equations in x₁ and x₂ is: 2x₁ + x₂ = 2 x₁ - 4 x₂ = 3 Then the coefficient matrix (A) is: 2 ...

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Calculate Amount of Cake Frosting
Given two input variables r and h, which stand for the radius and height of a cake, calculate the surface area of the cake you n...

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Create logical matrix with a specific row and column sums
Given two numbers *|n|* and *|s|*, build an |n-by-n| logical matrix (of only zeros and ones), such that both the row sums and th...

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Return a list sorted by number of consecutive occurrences
Inspired by Problem 38 by Cody Team. Given a vector x, return a vector y of the values in x sorted by the number of CONSECUTIVE ...

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Dimensions of a rectangle
The longer side of a rectangle is three times the length of the shorter side. If the length of the diagonal is x, find the width...

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Area of an equilateral triangle
Calculate the area of an equilateral triangle of side x. <<https://i.imgur.com/jlZDHhq.png>> Image courtesy of <http://up...

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Side of an equilateral triangle
If an equilateral triangle has area A, then what is the length of each of its sides, x? <<https://i.imgur.com/jlZDHhq.png>> ...

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Side of a rhombus
If a rhombus has diagonals of length x and x+1, then what is the length of its side, y? <<https://imgur.com/x6hT6mm.png>> ...

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Area of an Isoceles Triangle
An isosceles triangle has equal sides of length x and a base of length y. Find the area, A, of the triangle. <<https://imgur...

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Is this triangle right-angled?
Given three positive numbers a, b, c, where c is the largest number, return true if the triangle with sides a, b and c is right-...

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Is this triangle right-angled?
Given any three positive numbers a, b, c, return true if the triangle with sides a, b and c is right-angled. Otherwise, return f...

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Find a Pythagorean triple
Given four different positive numbers, a, b, c and d, provided in increasing order: a < b < c < d, find if any three of them com...

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Triangle sequence
A sequence of triangles is constructed in the following way: 1) the first triangle is Pythagoras' 3-4-5 triangle 2) the second...

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Length of a short side
Calculate the length of the short side, a, of a right-angled triangle with hypotenuse of length c, and other short side of lengt...

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Sum all integers from 1 to 2^n
Given the number x, y must be the summation of all integers from 1 to 2^x. For instance if x=2 then y must be 1+2+3+4=10.

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Magic is simple (for beginners)
Determine for a magic square of order n, the magic sum m. For example m=15 for a magic square of order 3.

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