i am getting an error "Matrix index is out of range for deletion" Please help

I am get error like this

Matrix index is out of range for deletion.

Error in angkaaa (line 19)
huruflist(1) = [];

Im use regionprops (eccentricity, area, perimeter) and use svm multi class for clasification

This my code

close all
clear all
e = imread('E:\Latihan MATLAB\Project_UAS\Training\huruf-i\4.jpg');
figure, imshow(e);
t = graythresh(e);
imbw_otsu = im2bw(e,t);
figure, imshow(imbw_otsu);
se = strel('disk',1);
citra_close = imclose(e,se);
figure, imshow(citra_close);
imbw_manual = im2bw(citra_close, 115/255);
figure, imshow(imbw_manual);
imbw_manual3 = 1 - imbw_manual;
figure, imshow(imbw_manual3);

traindir = 'Training'; 
testdir = 'Testing'; 
huruflist = dir(traindir);          
huruflist(1) = [];                  
huruflist(1) = [];
huruflist = {huruflist.name}';
test_data = [];
for i=1:size(huruflist,1)
    train_kelas = huruflist{i};
    imglist = dir([traindir '\' train_kelas]);
    imglist(1) = [];
    imglist(1) = [];
    imglist = {imglist.name}';
    
    for j=1:size(imglist,1)
        imgname = imglist{j};
        iminput = imread([traindir '\' train_kelas '\' imgname]);
        imgray = rgb2gray(iminput);
        
        s = regionprops(imbw, 'Eccentricity', 'Area', 'Perimeter');
        eccentricity = cat(1, s.Eccentricity);
        area = cat(1, s.Area);
        perimeter = cat(1, s.Perimeter);
        rasio_luaskeliling = area / perimeter;
        
        test_data = [test_data; {train_kelas}, imgname, rasio_luaskeliling];
    end
end

xlswrite('train_features.xlsx', test_data, 1, 'A1');

testlisthuruf = dir(testdir);          
testlisthuruf(1) = [];                 
testlisthuruf(1) = [];
testlisthuruf = {testlisthuruf.name}';

testimgdir = 'Test Images';
if ~exist(testimgdir)
    mkdir(testimgdir);
end

test_data = [];
for i=1:size(testlist,1)
    imgname = testlist{i};
    test_class = imgname(1:end-4);          
    iminput = imread([testdir '\' imgname]);
    imgray = rgb2gray(iminput);
    
    s = regionprops(imbw, 'Eccentricity', 'Area', 'Perimeter');
        eccentricity = cat(1, s.Eccentricity);
        area = cat(1, s.Area);
        perimeter = cat(1, s.Perimeter);
        rasio_luaskeliling = area / perimeter;
        
        test_data = [test_data; {train_kelas}, imgname, rasio_luaskeliling];
end

[num, raw] = xlsread('train_features.xlsx');
trainX = num(:,:);
trainY = raw(:,1);

testX = cell2mat(test_data(:,2:end));
testY = test_data(:,1);

categories = {'huruf-a';'huruf-e';'huruf-i';'huruf-o';'huruf-u'};
result = cell(size(testY));
numClasses = size(categories,1);

for i=1:numClasses
	G1vAll=(strcmp(trainY,categories(i)));
	models(i) = svmtrain(trainX, G1vAll, 'kernel_function', 'linear');
end

for i=1:size(testX,1)
	for j=1:numClasses
        if(svmclassify(models(j),testX(i,:))) 
            break;
        end
    end
	result(i) = categories(j);
end

accuracy = 0;    
for i=1:size(result,1)
    if (strcmp(result(i),testY(i)))
        accuracy = accuracy + 1;
	end
end

[gr_w gr_h] = size(testY);
accuracy = (accuracy / gr_w)*100;
disp(['Akurasi = ' num2str(accuracy) '%']);

And i want result like this.

>> example
Akurasi = 100%

Thank you so much before.

[Stephen23]

As well as being buggy for the reason that Adam Danz explained below, this code

huruflist = dir(traindir);          
huruflist(1) = [];                  
huruflist(1) = [];

looks like a very fragile/buggy attempt to remove the '.' and '..' folder names, and should not be used. Much more robust code would use setdiff or ismember.

Read these to know more:

https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/484430-using-struct-dir-selpath-what-do-and-mean-as-struct-name#answer_395754

https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/13978-list-of-files-sorting#answer_19278

https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/166629-is-there-any-way-to-list-all-folders-only-in-the-level-directly-below-a-selected-directory#answer_162451

Answer 1

[Adam Danz]

In this section,

huruflist = dir(traindir);          
huruflist(1) = [];                  
huruflist(1) = [];

it's likely that the directory in traindir does not exist and dir() is returning an empty structure array. When you try to delete the first element, you get the error message indicating that the index value of 1 is "out of range".

To test that the directory exists,

 if exist(traindir,'dir')~=7
     error('Directory does not exist: %s', traindir)
 end

To look at the size of the dir() output,

 size(huruflist)

To throw an error when the directory could not be found

 if isempty(huruflist)
     error('Problem accessing directory: %s', traindir)
 end

[Bima Putra]

Now im getting like this

Undefined function or variable 'imbw'.

Error in angkaaa (line 35)
        s = regionprops(imbw, 'Eccentricity', 'Area', 'Perimeter');

Thanks before.

[Adam Danz]

" To test this

if exist(traindir,'dir')~=7
error('Directory does not exist: %s', traindir)
end

Where im put that? Same file? Or where? Thanks before. "

exist(path,'dir') tests whether the directory in path exists (in which case, it will return a 7). You would put that wherever you want to do that test - probably before you call dir().

[Adam Danz]

From your edited comment,

Now im getting like this

Undefined function or variable 'imbw'.
Error in angkaaa (line 35)
        s = regionprops(imbw, 'Eccentricity', 'Area', 'Perimeter');

I don't see what you see. I don't know the changes you made. I don't know which line is line 35. I don't know if the initial problem was fixed and now dir() is working etc....

[Bima Putra]

Thanks now that problem fixed. Now like this.

Error using cell2mat (line 45)
All contents of the input cell array must be of the same data type.

Error in angkaaa (line 77)
testX = cell2mat(test_data(:,2:end));

And new code (im changed few code)

close all
clear all
e = imread('E:\Latihan MATLAB\Project_UAS\Training\huruf-i\4.jpg');
figure, imshow(e);
t = graythresh(e);
imbw_otsu = im2bw(e,t);
figure, imshow(imbw_otsu);
se = strel('disk',1);
citra_close = imclose(e,se);
figure, imshow(citra_close);
imbw_manual = im2bw(citra_close, 115/255);
figure, imshow(imbw_manual);
imbw_manual3 = 1 - imbw_manual;
figure, imshow(imbw_manual3);

traindir = 'Training'; 
testdir = 'Testing'; 
huruflist = dir(traindir);          
huruflist(1) = [];                  
huruflist(1) = [];
huruflist = {huruflist.name}';
test_data = [];
for i=1:size(huruflist,1)
    train_kelas = huruflist{i};
    imglist = dir([traindir '\' train_kelas]);
    imglist(1) = [];
    imglist(1) = [];
    imglist = {imglist.name}';
    
    for j=1:size(imglist,1)
        imgname = imglist{j};
        iminput = imread([traindir '\' train_kelas '\' imgname]);
        imgray = rgb2gray(iminput);
        
        s = regionprops(imbw_manual3, 'Eccentricity', 'Area', 'Perimeter');
        eccentricity = cat(1, s.Eccentricity);
        area = cat(1, s.Area);
        perimeter = cat(1, s.Perimeter);
        rasio_luaskeliling = area / perimeter;
        
        test_data = [test_data; {train_kelas}, imgname, rasio_luaskeliling];
    end
end

xlswrite('train_features.xlsx', test_data, 1, 'A1');

testlisthuruf = dir(testdir);          
testlisthuruf(1) = [];                 
testlisthuruf(1) = [];
testlisthuruf = {testlisthuruf.name}';

testimgdir = 'Test Images';
if ~exist(testimgdir)
    mkdir(testimgdir);
end

test_data = [];
for i=1:size(testlisthuruf,1)
    imgname = testlisthuruf{i};
    test_class = imgname(1:end-4);          
    iminput = imread([testdir '\' imgname]);
    imgray = rgb2gray(iminput);
    
    s = regionprops(imbw_manual3, 'Eccentricity', 'Area', 'Perimeter');
        eccentricity = cat(1, s.Eccentricity);
        area = cat(1, s.Area);
        perimeter = cat(1, s.Perimeter);
        rasio_luaskeliling = area / perimeter;
        
        test_data = [test_data; {train_kelas}, imgname, rasio_luaskeliling];
end

[num, raw] = xlsread('train_features.xlsx');
trainX = num(:,:);
trainY = raw(:,1);

testX = cell2mat(test_data(:,2:end));
testY = test_data(:,1);

categories = {'huruf-a';'huruf-e';'huruf-i';'huruf-o';'huruf-u'};
result = cell(size(testY));
numClasses = size(categories,1);

for i=1:numClasses
	G1vAll=(strcmp(trainY,categories(i)));
	models(i) = svmtrain(trainX, G1vAll, 'kernel_function', 'linear');
end

for i=1:size(testX,1)
	for j=1:numClasses
        if(svmclassify(models(j),testX(i,:))) 
            break;
        end
    end
	result(i) = categories(j);
end

accuracy = 0;    
for i=1:size(result,1)
    if (strcmp(result(i),testY(i)))
        accuracy = accuracy + 1;
	end
end

[gr_w gr_h] = size(testY);
accuracy = (accuracy / gr_w)*100;
disp(['Akurasi = ' num2str(accuracy) '%']);

[Adam Danz]

"Thanks now that problem fixed"

Good work!

Regarding your new problem,

testX = cell2mat(test_data(:,2:end))

What does test_data look like? Judging from the error message, test_data contains mixed data types which means you cannot use cell2mat().

[Bima Putra]

Hmmm what do you mean? Workspace?

[Adam Danz]

Your variable test_data, when you try to convert that using cell2mat, there is an error, apparently. I asking what test_data looks like. What kind of variables are in it.

For example,

test_data =
     8     1     6
     3     5     7
     4     9     2

[Bima Putra]

Thanks again worked

But now error like this

Undefined function or variable 'train_data'.

Error in angkaaa (line 41)
        train_data = [train_data; {train_kelas}, imgname, rasio_luaskeliling];

My code

        close all
clear all
e = imread('E:\Latihan MATLAB\Project_UAS\Training\huruf-i\4.jpg');
figure, imshow(e);
t = graythresh(e);
imbw_otsu = im2bw(e,t);
figure, imshow(imbw_otsu);
se = strel('disk',1);
citra_close = imclose(e,se);
figure, imshow(citra_close);
imbw_manual = im2bw(citra_close, 115/255);
figure, imshow(imbw_manual);
imbw_manual3 = 1 - imbw_manual;
figure, imshow(imbw_manual3);

traindir = 'Training'; 
testdir = 'Testing'; 
huruflist = dir(traindir);          
huruflist(1) = [];                  
huruflist(1) = [];
huruflist = {huruflist.name}';
test_data = [];
for i=1:size(huruflist,1)
    train_kelas = huruflist{i};
    imglist = dir([traindir '\' train_kelas]);
    imglist(1) = [];
    imglist(1) = [];
    imglist = {imglist.name}';
    
    for j=1:size(imglist,1)
        imgname = imglist{j};
        iminput = imread([traindir '\' train_kelas '\' imgname]);
        imgray = rgb2gray(iminput);
        
        s = regionprops(imbw_manual3, 'Eccentricity', 'Area', 'Perimeter');
        eccentricity = cat(1, s.Eccentricity);
        area = cat(1, s.Area);
        perimeter = cat(1, s.Perimeter);
        rasio_luaskeliling = area / perimeter;
        
        train_data = [train_data; {train_kelas}, imgname, rasio_luaskeliling];
    end
end

xlswrite('train_features.xlsx', test_data, 1, 'A1');

testlisthuruf = dir(testdir);          
testlisthuruf(1) = [];                 
testlisthuruf(1) = [];
testlisthuruf = {testlisthuruf.name}';

testimgdir = 'Test Images';
if ~exist(testimgdir)
    mkdir(testimgdir);
end

test_data = [];
for i=1:size(testlisthuruf,1)
    imgname = testlisthuruf{i};
    test_class = imgname(1:end-4);          
    iminput = imread([testdir '\' imgname]);
    imgray = rgb2gray(iminput);
    
    s = regionprops(imbw_manual3, 'Eccentricity', 'Area', 'Perimeter');
        eccentricity = cat(1, s.Eccentricity);
        area = cat(1, s.Area);
        perimeter = cat(1, s.Perimeter);
        rasio_luaskeliling = area / perimeter;
        
        test_data = [test_data; {train_kelas}, imgname, rasio_luaskeliling];
end

[num, raw] = xlsread('train_features.xlsx');
trainX = num(:,:);
trainY = raw(:,1);

testX = cell2mat(test_data(:,2:end));
testY = test_data(:,1);

categories = {'huruf-a';'huruf-e';'huruf-i';'huruf-o';'huruf-u'};
result = cell(size(testY));
numClasses = size(categories,1);

for i=1:numClasses
	G1vAll=(strcmp(trainY,categories(i)));
	models(i) = svmtrain(trainX, G1vAll, 'kernel_function', 'linear');
end

for i=1:size(testX,1)
	for j=1:numClasses
        if(svmclassify(models(j),testX(i,:))) 
            break;
        end
    end
	result(i) = categories(j);
end

accuracy = 0;    
for i=1:size(result,1)
    if (strcmp(result(i),testY(i)))
        accuracy = accuracy + 1;
	end
end

[gr_w gr_h] = size(testY);
accuracy = (accuracy / gr_w)*100;
disp(['Akurasi = ' num2str(accuracy) '%']);

[Adam Danz]

Undefined function or variable 'train_data'.

What does that error message tell you?

train_data is undefined. Matlab doesn't know what that variable is because it's not defined anywhere.

[Bima Putra]

test_data like this

'a10'	'a10.jpg'	15.8670033670034
'a9'	'a9.jpg'	15.8670033670034
'e10'	'e10.jpg'	15.8670033670034
'e9'	'e9.jpg'	15.8670033670034
'i10'	'i10.jpg'	15.8670033670034
'i9'	'i9.jpg'	15.8670033670034
'o10'	'o10.jpg'	15.8670033670034
'o9'	'o9.jpg'	15.8670033670034
'u10'	'u10.jpg'	15.8670033670034
'u9'	'u9.jpg'	15.8670033670034

And i think this code right hmmm

close all
clear all
e = imread('E:\Latihan MATLAB\Project_UAS\Training\huruf-i\4.jpg');
figure, imshow(e);
t = graythresh(e);
imbw_otsu = im2bw(e,t);
figure, imshow(imbw_otsu);
se = strel('disk',1);
citra_close = imclose(e,se);
figure, imshow(citra_close);
imbw_manual = im2bw(citra_close, 115/255);
figure, imshow(imbw_manual);
imbw_manual3 = 1 - imbw_manual;
figure, imshow(imbw_manual3);

traindir = 'Training'; 
testdir = 'Testing'; 
huruflist = dir(traindir);          
huruflist(1) = [];                  
huruflist(1) = [];
huruflist = {huruflist.name}';
train_data = [];
for i=1:size(huruflist,1)
    train_kelas = huruflist{i};
    imglist = dir([traindir '\' train_kelas]);
    imglist(1) = [];
    imglist(1) = [];
    imglist = {imglist.name}';
    
    for j=1:size(imglist,1)
        imgname = imglist{j};
        iminput = imread([traindir '\' train_kelas '\' imgname]);
        imgray = rgb2gray(iminput);
        
        s = regionprops(imbw_manual3, 'Eccentricity', 'Area', 'Perimeter');
        eccentricity = cat(1, s.Eccentricity);
        area = cat(1, s.Area);
        perimeter = cat(1, s.Perimeter);
        rasio_luaskeliling = area / perimeter;
        
        train_data = [train_data; {train_kelas}, imgname, rasio_luaskeliling];
    end
end

xlswrite('train_features.xlsx', train_data, 1, 'A1');

testlisthuruf = dir(testdir);          
testlisthuruf(1) = [];                 
testlisthuruf(1) = [];
testlisthuruf = {testlisthuruf.name}';

testimgdir = 'Test Images';
if ~exist(testimgdir)
    mkdir(testimgdir);
end

test_data = [];
for i=1:size(testlisthuruf,1)
    imgname = testlisthuruf{i};
    test_class = imgname(1:end-4);          
    iminput = imread([testdir '\' imgname]);
    imgray = rgb2gray(iminput);
    
    s = regionprops(imbw_manual3, 'Eccentricity', 'Area', 'Perimeter');
        eccentricity = cat(1, s.Eccentricity);
        area = cat(1, s.Area);
        perimeter = cat(1, s.Perimeter);
        rasio_luaskeliling = area / perimeter;
        
        test_data = [test_data; {test_class}, imgname, rasio_luaskeliling];
end

[num, raw] = xlsread('train_features.xlsx');
trainX = num(:,:);
trainY = raw(:,1);

testX = cell2mat(test_data(:,2:end));
testY = test_data(:,1);

categories = {'huruf-a';'huruf-e';'huruf-i';'huruf-o';'huruf-u'};
result = cell(size(testY));
numClasses = size(categories,1);

for i=1:numClasses
	G1vAll=(strcmp(trainY,categories(i)));
	models(i) = svmtrain(trainX, G1vAll, 'kernel_function', 'linear');
end

for i=1:size(testX,1)
	for j=1:numClasses
        if(svmclassify(models(j),testX(i,:))) 
            break;
        end
    end
	result(i) = categories(j);
end

accuracy = 0;    
for i=1:size(result,1)
    if (strcmp(result(i),testY(i)))
        accuracy = accuracy + 1;
	end
end

[gr_w gr_h] = size(testY);
accuracy = (accuracy / gr_w)*100;
disp(['Akurasi = ' num2str(accuracy) '%']);

But still error hmmm

Error using cell2mat (line 45)
All contents of the input cell array must be of the same data type.

Error in angkaaa (line 77)
testX = cell2mat(test_data(:,2:end));

[Adam Danz]

See my comment

https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/497243-i-am-getting-an-error-matrix-index-is-out-of-range-for-deletion-please-help#comment_779212

[Bima Putra]

Can you try it please. There is my dataset and m file.

MyProject.rar

https://www91.zippyshare.com/v/waCHWc7h/file.html